Abstract
Background and aims
Crop yield and quality are generally limited by poor soils, which is a key limiting factor for sustainable development in modern agriculture. Wild soybean (Glycine soja) is an excellent wild resource, with tolerance to adverse environments, especially poor soil. This study aimed to reveal the key molecular mechanism of wild soybean to resist phosphorus deficiency in soil.
Methods
Differences in the types, amounts and metabolic pathways of small molecule metabolites and gene expression were compared and multi-omics integration analysis was performed between wild and cultivated soybean (Glycine max) seedling roots under sufficient and artificially simulated low-phosphorus in this study.
Results
Under low-phosphorus stress, wild soybean seedlings experienced less growth inhibition and root-specific growth compared with cultivated soybean. Genes encoding sulfoquinovosyl transferase (SQD2), catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) were up-regulated; levels of glutamic acid, glycine, putrescine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, catechol and neohesperidin were increased; and levels of glycerol-3-phosphate decreased. Integrated analysis showed that the above genes and metabolites were involved in glutathione metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism and phenylpropane biosynthesis.
Conclusions
These metabolic pathways are involved in phosphorus reuse, while membrane lipid remodelling and reactive oxygen species scavenging are carried out to maintain membrane stability and ensure plant survival under phosphorus deficiency. This study provides new ideas for the study of mechanism of tolerance to phosphorus deficiency in wild soybean and lays the theoretical foundation for developing varieties of cultivated soybean that tolerate poor soils.
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Acknowledgments
We thank International Science Editing (http://www.internationalscienceediting.com) for editing this manuscript.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32072012) and Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province, China (No. 20200201134JC).
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Software: Jing Chen and Ji Zhou; Project administration, Methodology, Writing-review & editing, Supervision: Lianxuan Shi and Tao Zhang; Data curation: Jing Chen, Ji Zhou and Mu Li; Formal analysis: Jing Chen, Yunan Hu, and Mingxia Li.
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Figure S3
Changes in Additional Outcomes. Line diagrams showing changes in scores on a) the Word List Total Recall, b) the NIH Toolbox Fluid Cognition Composite, c) PROMIS anxiety, d) PROMIS depression, and e) PROMIS Satisfaction with Social Roles in the active and sham tDCS groups across baseline and follow-up (x-axis). Bars represent 95% confidence intervals (PNG 27 009 kbIntegration network of metabolites and genes in cultivated soybean seedling roots under low-phosphorus stress. Genes and metabolites are represented by numbers and letters, respectively. 1, Glyma.17G070500.Wm82.a2.v1; 2, Glyma.11G171400.Wm82.a2.v1; 3, Glyma.06G158700.Wm82.a2.v1; 4, Glyma.10G194800.Wm82.a2.v1; A, glutamic acid; B, proline; C, putrescine; D, pyruvic acid; E, 4-aminobutyric acid; F, alpha-ketoglutaric acid; G, asparagine; H, succinic acid; I, fumaric acid; J, aspartic acid; K, citric acid; L, salicylic acid. The thicker the edge is, the stronger the correlation is. The size of a node is proportional to the correlation between nodes (PNG 359 kb)
Table S1
Primers for qRT-PCR of genes in wild and cultivated soybean seedling roots (DOCX 14 kb)
Table S2
KEGG pathway of DEGs in wild and cultivated soybean seedling roots (DOCX 21 kb)
Table S3
Changes of transcription factors in wild and cultivated soybean seedling roots under low-phosphorus stress (DOCX 18 kb)
Table S4
Contribution rate of wild and cultivated soybean seedling root metabolites to the first and second principal components (PC1 and PC2, respectively) (DOCX 25 kb)
Table S5
DEGs co-expressed in wild and cultivated soybean seedling roots under low-phosphorus stress (DOCX 15 kb)
Table S6
KEGG annotation, GO annotation and log2(LP/CK) for some DEGs in cultivated soybean seedling roots under low-phosphorus stress (DOCX 14 kb)
Supplementary Figure 1.
qRT-PCR of genes in the roots of wild and cultivated soybean seedlings (PNG 57.1 KB)
Supplementary Figure 2.
DEGs of wild and cultivated soybean seedling roots under low-phosphorus stress and control: (a)Venn and (b) volcano diagrams (PNG 132 KB)
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Chen, J., Zhou, J., Li, M. et al. Membrane lipid phosphorus reusing and antioxidant protecting played key roles in wild soybean resistance to phosphorus deficiency compared with cultivated soybean. Plant Soil 474, 99–113 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05316-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05316-5