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Quantifying country-to-global scale nitrogen fixation for grain legumes II. Coefficients, templates and estimates for soybean, groundnut and pulses

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Abstract

Background

The demand for estimates of biological nitrogen (N) fixation inputs in agricultural systems is driven by the need to effectively manage the global N cycle.

Scope

We present a methodology for quantifying N2 fixation by the grain legume-rhizobia symbioses that can be used for any year or sequence of years for which area and production statistics for legume oilseed and pulse crops were available and at country-to-global scales. The coefficients used in the templates – harvest index, N harvest index, %N shoots, %N grain and a factor to account for below-ground N – were aggregated from 224 reports containing > 4,000 observations. Values for the % total crop N derived from atmospheric N2 (%Ndfa) for specific grain legumes and regions were determined in a companion paper. The grain legumes were estimated to fix a global total of 35.5 Tg N in the year 2018 - 25.0 Tg for soybean (Glycine max), 7.2 Tg for the pulses and 3.3 Tg for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). Soybean dominated global grain legume N2 fixation, with 38 % of total N fixed associated with soybean in South and Central America and a further 22 % by soybean in North America.

Conclusions

The updated estimates of N2 fixation by the grain legumes inform us of a substantial and increasing role that biological N2 fixation plays in global agricultural systems. The challenge remains to reliably estimate N inputs from other N2-fixing organisms that are active in these systems.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr Euan James, The James Hutton Institute, Scotland, and Dr Bob Boddey, EMBRAPA, Brazil, for valuable discussion and comments during the course of manuscript preparation. We also gratefully acknowledge the valuable feedback on the manuscript by Dr Murray Unkovich, University of Adelaide, Australia.

Funding

Financial support for a 4-week study visit for MBP from Wageningen University & Research (WUR) is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia

    David F. Herridge

  2. Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700AK, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Ken E. Giller

  3. Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 103, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden

    Erik S. Jensen

  4. CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

    Mark B. Peoples

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Contributions

The large dataset was generated by DFH and MBP and analysed by DFH. The manuscript was drafted by DFH. During a 2-year period leading to submission, all authors contributed to regular, extensive discussions about the review and provided critical insights into various aspects of biological N2 fixation. All authors contributed to and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to David F. Herridge.

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Herridge, D.F., Giller, K.E., Jensen, E.S. et al. Quantifying country-to-global scale nitrogen fixation for grain legumes II. Coefficients, templates and estimates for soybean, groundnut and pulses. Plant Soil 474, 1–15 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05166-7

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