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Histochemical and physicochemical studies reveal improved defense in tomato under Cd stress with rhizobacterial supplementation

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Abstract

Background and Aims

Environmental fluctuations due to anthropogenic activities show negative effects on plant growth and crop production. Among the heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) pollution is most dangerous and is devastating most of the cultivable land. The current study evaluated the Cd induced toxicity in Lycopersicon esculentum plants and the mitigating role of rhizobacteria.

Methods

Different parameters such as metal uptake, metal chelators, oxidative stress markers, antioxidative defense expression, secondary metabolites, H2O2 tagging, MDA localization and cell viability has been assessed.

Results

Cd accumulation enhanced by 64.7% in roots and 267.1% in shoots, which resulted in generating oxidative burst measured in the terms of superoxide content (54.5%), H2O2 (255.1%), and MDA (202.2%) content. Moreover, the Cd stress also modulated the activities of enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants. In addition, organic acids and metal chelators were also enhanced in plants under the influence of Cd. Inoculation of rhizobacterial strains reduced the Cd uptake in plant parts (roots and shoots), increased heavy metal tolerance index (HMTI) and reduced oxidative stress markers. Also, enzymatic antioxidants such as, SOD, POD, PPO were increased in microbe inoculated plants whereas CAT, GPOX, APOX, GST, DHAR and GR were reduced. In situ immobilization studies were also conducted in root sections of L. esculentum in which Cd localization, H2O2 accumulation, cell viability and MDA accumulation were observed using confocal and visible microscopy.

Conclusions

Reduction in the levels of H2O2, MDA and Cd accumulation along with improved cell viability was observed in the rhizobacterial inoculated plants.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University for funding through the Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India

    Kanika Khanna, Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli, Anket Sharma & Renu Bhardwaj

  2. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China

    Anket Sharma

  3. Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India

    Puja Ohri

  4. Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Asma A. Al-Huqail & Manzer H. Siddiqui

  5. Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, Saudi Arabia

    Parvaiz Ahmad

  6. Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu, Kashmir, India

    Parvaiz Ahmad

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  1. Kanika Khanna
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  2. Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
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  6. Asma A. Al-Huqail
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  7. Manzer H. Siddiqui
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  8. Parvaiz Ahmad
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Contributions

Renu Bhardwaj, Kanika Khanna and Parvaiz Ahmad outlined the experimental work. Kanika Khanna and Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli performed the experimental work. Anket Sharma, Asma A. Al-Huqail, Manzer H. Siddiqui helped in data analysis. Parvaiz Ahmad and Renu Bhardwaj revised the manuscript to the present form.

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Correspondence to Puja Ohri, Renu Bhardwaj or Parvaiz Ahmad.

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Khanna, K., Kohli, S.K., Sharma, A. et al. Histochemical and physicochemical studies reveal improved defense in tomato under Cd stress with rhizobacterial supplementation. Plant Soil 446, 393–411 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04356-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04356-8

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