Abstract
Background and aims
Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are associated with plant roots and augment plant productivity and immunity; however, recent work by several groups has shown that PGPB also elicit the so-called “induced systemic tolerance” to drought stress. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 inoculation on the mitigation of drought stress in red rice (Oryza sativa L.).
Methods
The experiment treatments of the red rice cultivar inoculated and uninoculated with G. diazotrophicus, and cultivated with and without water restriction. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular analyses of plant tissues were carried out, along with measurements of biomass and seed yield components.
Results
The plants showed a positive response to inoculation with G. diazotrophicus, with promotion of growth and induction of tolerance to drought. Increase in plant biomass and higher levels of gas exchange and osmoprotectant solutes were observed in shoots. The bacterial inoculation increased the yield and positively regulated some defense genes against the water deficit in plants.
Conclusions
G. diazotrophicus Pal5 strain inoculation was beneficial for red rice plants, suppressing the various deleterious effects of drought stress and increasing the biomass and seed yield components.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia da Fixação Biológica de Nitrogênio (INCT-FBN) and UNIVERSAL - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) n. 483547/2013-1. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. Luanna Filgueiras, Renata Silva, Isabela Almeida and José Ivo Baldani thank CAPES and CNPq for fellowship support.
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Supplementary Table S1
Gene-specific primers for quantitative real-time PCR. (DOCX 15 kb)
Supplementary Fig. S2
Red rice plants under different water restriction and inoculation conditions. (a) 100% field capacity, (b) 70%-75% field capacity, (c) 50%-55% field capacity, and (d) 30%-35% field capacity. (PNG 857 kb)
Supplementary Fig. S3
Pearson correlation matrix between the relative expression of genes, antioxidant enzymes, osmoprotectant solutes, gas exchange, growth, and production. Data are from evaluations performed at 15 days after stress, for red rice plants inoculated with G. diazotrophicus and grown under water stress. Positive correlations are displayed in blue, whereas negative correlations are in red color. Color intensity and the size of the circle are proportional to the correlation coefficients. On the left side of the correlogram, the legend color shows the correlation coefficients and the corresponding colors. PR-1: salicylic acid defense pathway gene expression; PR-10: jasmonic acid/ethylene defense pathway gene expression; sod1: red rice superoxide dismutase gene expression; gor: red rice glutathione reductase gene expression; cat: red rice catalase gene expression; P5CR: red rice Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase gene expression; BADH: red rice betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene expression; SOD: red rice superoxide dismutase activity; APX: red rice ascorbate peroxidase activity; CAT: red rice catalase activity; MDA: malondialdehyde content; PRO: proline content; GLY: glycine betaine content; gs: stomatal conductance; Ci: internal carbon concentration; E: transpiration; A: liquid photosynthesis; root: root biomass accumulation; shoot: shoot biomass accumulation; R/S: root/shoot ratio; pan: number of panicles per hill; 1000-g: 1000-grain weight; PTN: crude protein; pro: total mass productivity. (PNG 4432 kb)
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Filgueiras, L., Silva, R., Almeida, I. et al. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus mitigates drought stress in Oryza sativa L.. Plant Soil 451, 57–73 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04163-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04163-1