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Contribution of methylation regulation of MpDREB2A promoter to drought resistance of Mauls prunifolia

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Abstract

Background and aims

Malus prunifolia (Chinese name: Fu Ping Qiu Zi), a wild relative of cultivated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh), is extremely resistant to drought compared with domesticated cultivars, such as ‘Golden Delicious’. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying drought resistance of M. prunifolia have not been characterized. This study investigates a new regulatory mechanism to improve apple drought resistance.

Methods

M. prunifolia and ‘Golden Delicious’ were each grafted on M. hupehensis for gene expression analysis. The methylation level of the DREB2A promoter was determined by bisulfite sequencing and ChIP-qPCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) was used to identify target genes of MpDREB2A in apple.

Results

The exposure to drought stress stimulated the expression level of DREB2A gene more than 100-fold in M. prunifolia, but only 16-fold in ‘Golden Delicious’. This difference in gene expression could not be explained in terms of difference in leaf relative water content. Correspondingly, the methylation level of M. prunifolia DREB2A (MpDREB2A) promoter region was significantly reduced. Additionally, MpDREB2A conferred enhanced drought resistance when ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis. Over 2800 potential downstream target genes of MpDREB2A were identified by ChIP-seq and these downstream genes have diverse potential functions related to stress resistance.

Conclusions

Methylation regulation in promoter of MpDREB2A may contribute to the drought resistance of M. prunifolia.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the 1000 Talent Youth Program of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31622049, 31572106 and 31330068), the Sci-tech New Star of Shaanxi Province Program (2015 kjxx-14) and the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (Program No. 2017JQ3001). The authors are grateful to Zhengwei Ma for management of the apple trees.

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  1. Xuewei Li and Yinpeng Xie contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China

    Xuewei Li, Yinpeng Xie, Liyuan Lu, Mingjia Yan, Nan Fang, Jidi Xu, Liping Wang, Yan Yan, Fengwang Ma & Qingmei Guan

  2. Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6708, Wageningen, PB, Netherlands

    Tao Zhao

  3. Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Steve van Nocker

  4. Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China

    Dong Liang

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Li, X., Xie, Y., Lu, L. et al. Contribution of methylation regulation of MpDREB2A promoter to drought resistance of Mauls prunifolia. Plant Soil 441, 15–32 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04149-z

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