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Effects of waterlogging on the solubility and redox state of Sb in a shooting range soil and its uptake by grasses: a tank experiment

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Abstract

Aims

The effects of waterlogging on redox state and solubility of antimony (Sb) in a calcareous shooting range soil and its uptake by forage grass Lolium perenne L. and pasture weed Holcus lanatus L. were investigated.

Methods

Grasses were grown on semi-waterlogged or waterlogged shooting range soil in a laboratory tank. The soil solution was sampled at various depths over time and analyzed for the concentrations of Sb(III), Sb(V) and total Sb, as well as other trace elements.

Results

Although the reduction of Sb(V) to Sb(III) under increased waterlogging time decreased Sb solubility, it increased Sb uptake by L. perenne from 1.1 to 1.7 mg kg−1 (and to a lesser extent H. lanatus), implying preferential uptake of Sb(III) by this grass. The tank showed considerable variation in redox conditions with depth and plant treatment. The soil root zone (30 cm for L. perenne and 15 cm for H. lanatus) instead of the water saturated bottom, showed the highest manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) concentrations in solution, accompanied by a higher proportion of Sb(III) in solution than the bottom zone of the tank.

Conclusions

Waterlogging can increase the risk of Sb entering the food chain from shooting range soil.

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Acknowledgment

We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Dieter Ramseier from the Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, for his suggestions in selecting plant species. We also thank Björn Studer and Martin Keller for their technical support. This work was funded by the Sino-Swiss Science and Technology Cooperation (SSSTC) Program (EG 19-032010).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing, 100101, China

    Xiao-ming Wan

  2. ETH Zürich, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland

    Xiao-ming Wan, Susan Tandy, Kerstin Hockmann & Rainer Schulin

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Xiao-ming Wan

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  1. Xiao-ming Wan
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  2. Susan Tandy
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  3. Kerstin Hockmann
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  4. Rainer Schulin
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Correspondence to Susan Tandy.

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Responsible Editor: Fangjie Zhao.

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Wan, Xm., Tandy, S., Hockmann, K. et al. Effects of waterlogging on the solubility and redox state of Sb in a shooting range soil and its uptake by grasses: a tank experiment. Plant Soil 371, 155–166 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1684-2

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