Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Fertilizer properties of DCHA/Fe3+

  • Regular Article
  • Published:
Plant and Soil Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Aims

The suitability of the non-symmetrical chelating agent DCHA (2-{2-[(2-hydroxybenzyl)amino]ethylamino}-2-{2-hydroxyphenyl}acetic) to improve Fe nutrition in plants is investigated in order to confirm the good results deriving from its chemical reactivity in agronomic systems achieved by analytical and modeling studies. Moreover, the factors affecting the efficacy of this new Fe chelate, that it is predicted to combine a good stability in nutrient solution and calcareous soils, are explored.

Methods

The role of DCHA/Fe3+ as substrate for the Fe chelate reductase (FCR) activity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Ashley) plants and its efficacy to provide Fe to chlorotic soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Stine 0408) plants in both hydroponic and soil culture were determined.

Results

The chelate DCHA/Fe3+ presented an intermediate behavior between o,oEDDHA/Fe3+ and o,pEDDHA/Fe3+ as substrate of the FCR. In the hydroponic experiment, nutritional indexes indicated a faster and higher re-greening of the plants treated with DCHA/Fe3+ and o,pEDDHA/Fe3+ than with o,oEDDHA/Fe3+. In the soil experiment, plants treated with o,oEDDHA/57Fe3+ showed the highest 57Fe concentration in leaves and no differences were observed between o,pEDDHA/57Fe3+ and DCHA/57Fe3+.

Conclusions

The chelate DCHA/Fe3+ has adequate fertilizer properties since it is able to correct the Fe chlorosis and to maintain good nutritional status of plants over time both in hydroponic and soil cultures. This is related to its ability to serve as substrate for the FCR and its good stability in solution and in soil conditions observed in this and previous studies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig 1
Fig 2
Fig 3
Fig 4
Fig 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

BPDS:

Bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid

DAT:

Days after first treatment

DCHA:

2-{2-[(2-hydroxybenzyl)amino]ethylamino}-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid

DTPA:

Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

FAAs:

Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

FCR:

Fe chelate reductase

HEPES:

4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid

ICP-MS:

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy.

o,oEDDHA:

Ethylenediamine-N,N’bis(o-hydroxy-phenylacetic) acid

o,pEDDHA:

Ethylenediamine-N(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N’(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid

p,pEDDHA:

Ethylenediamine-N(p-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N’(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid

References

  • Álvarez-Fernández A (2006) Application of Stable Isotopes in Plant Iron Research. In: Barton LL, Abadía J (eds) Iron Nutrition in Plants and Rhizospheric Microorganisms. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 437–448

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Álvarez-Fernández A, Pérez-Sanz A, Lucena JJ (2001) Evaluation of effect of washing procedures on minerals analysis of orange and peach leaves sprayed with seaweed extracts enriched with iron. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 32:157–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Álvarez-Fernández A, Abadía J, Abadía A (2006) Iron Deficiency, Fruit Yield and Fruit Quality. In: Barton LL, Abadía J (eds) Iron Nutrition in Plants and Rhizospheric Microorganisms. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 85–101

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Benton J Jr (2001) Laboratory Guide for Conducting Soil Tests and Plant Analysis. CRC Press, Florida

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Chaney RL, Brown JC, Tiffin LO (1972) Obligatory reduction of ferric chelates in iron uptake by soybeans. Plant Physiol 50:208–213

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Barak P (1982) Iron nutrition of plants in calcareous soils. Adv Agron 35:217–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Degryse F, Smolders E, Parker DR (2006) Metal complexes increase uptake of Zn and Cu by plants: implications for uptake and deficiency studies in chelator-buffered solutions. Plant Soil 289:171–185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • García-Marco S, Martínez N, Yunta F, Hernández-Apaolaza L, Lucena JJ (2006) Effectiveness of ethylenediamine-N(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N’ (p-hydroxy- phenylacetic) acid (o, p-EDDHA) to supply iron to plants. Plant Soil 279:31–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gómez-Gallego M, Sierra MA, Alcázar R, Ramírez P, Piñar C, Mancheño MJ, García-Marco S, Yunta F, Lucena JJ (2002) Synthesis of o, p-EDDHA and its detection as the main impurity in o, o-EDDHA commercial iron chelates. J Agric Food Chem 50:6395–6399

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gómez-Gallego M, Pellico D, Ramírez-López P, Mancheño MJ, Romano S, de la Torre MC, Sierra MA (2005) Understanding of the mode of action of FeIII-EDDHA as iron chlorosis corrector based on its photochemical and redox behavior. Chem Eur J 11:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen NC, Hopkins BG, Ellsworth JW, Jolley VD (2006) Iron Nutrition in Field Crops. In: Barton LL, Abadía J (eds) Iron Nutrition in Plants and Rhizospheric Microorganisms. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 23–59

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hill-Cottingham DG (1955) Photosensitivity of iron chelates. Nature 175:347–348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inskeep WP, Bloom PR (1984) A comparative study of soil solution chemistry associated with chlorotic and nonchlorotic soybeans in western Minnesota. J Plant Nutr 7:513–531

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • López-Rayo S, Hernández D, Escudero R, M Gómez-Gallego, Sierra MS, Lucena JJ (2010) The synthesis and chemical characterization of the novel agronomically relevant pentadentate chelate 2-(2-((2-Hydroxybenzyl)amino)ethylamino)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid (DCHA). J Agric Food Chem 58:7908–7914

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lucena JJ (2000) Effect of bicarbonate, nitrate and other environmental factors on iron deficiency chlorosis. A review. J Plant Nutr 23:1591–1606

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucena JJ (2006) Synthetic Iron Chelates to Correct Iron Deficiency in Plants. In: Barton LL, Abadía J (eds) Iron Nutrition in Plants and Rhizospheric Microorganisms. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 103–128

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lucena JJ, Chaney R (2006) Synthetic iron chelates as substrates of root ferric chelate reductase (FCR) in green stressed cucumber plants. J Plant Nutr 29:423–439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucena JJ, Chaney R (2007) Response of Cucumber Plants to Low Doses of different Synthetic Iron Chelates in Hydroponics. J Plant Nutr 30:795–809

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mckenzie D, Lucena JJ and Jackson DA (2005) Plant nutrient based on o,p-Ethylene(bis)hydroxyphenyl glycines. WO 2005/095305.

  • Nadal P, Hernandez-Apaolaza L, Lucena JJ (2009) Effectiveness of N, N’-Bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) ethylenediamine-N, N’-diacetic acid (HJB) to supply iron to dicot plants. Plant Soil 325:65–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norvell WA (1991) Reactions of metal chelates in soils and nutrient solutions. In: Morvedt JJ, Cox SR, Shuman LM, Welch RM (eds) Micronutrients in Agriculture, 2nd edn, SSSA Book series no. 4. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, pp 187–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Rombolá AD, Tagliavini M (2006) Iron nutrition of fruit tree crops. In: Barton LL, Abadía J (eds) Iron Nutrition in Plants and Rhizospheric Microorganisms. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 61–83

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rojas CL, Romera FJ, Alcántara E, Pérez-Vicente R, Sariego C, García-Alonso JI, Boned J, Martí G (2008) Efficacy of Fe(o, o-EDDHA) and Fe(o, p-EDDHA) isomers in supplying Fe to strategy I plants differs in nutrient solution and calcareous soil. J Agric Food Chem 56:10774–10778

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanz M, Cavero J, Abadía J (1992) Iron chlorosis in the Ebro river basin, Spain. J Plant Nutr 15:1971–1981

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schenkeveld WDC, Reichwein AM, Temminghoff EJM, Riemsdijk WHV (2007) The behaviour of EDDHA isomers in soils as influenced by soil properties. Plant Soil 290:85–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sierra MA, Gómez-Gallego M, Escudero R, Lucena JJ, García-Marco S (2008) New non-symmetrical ethylene diamino hydroxyphenyl acetic acid products for the treatment of the iron chlorosis. WO 2008/077897

  • Soltanpour PN, Schwab AP (1977) A new soil test for simultaneous extraction of macro- and micro-nutrients in alkaline soils. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 8:195–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Susín S, Abadía A, González-Reyes JA, Lucena JJ, Abadía J (1996) The pH requirement for in vivo activity of the iron-deficiency-induced “Turbo” ferric chelate reductase. Plant Physiol 110(1):111–123

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yunta F, García-Marco S, Lucena JJ (2003a) Theoretical speciation of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N’-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o, p-EDDHA) in agronomic conditions. J Agric Food Chem 51:5391–5399

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yunta F, García-Marco S, Lucena JJ, Gómez-Gallego M, Alcazar R, Sierra MA (2003b) Chelating agents related to ethylenediamine bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid (EDDHA): synthesis, characterization, and equilibrium studies of the free ligands and their Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ chelates. Inorg Chem 42:5412–5421

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Financial support has been provided by TRADECORP and by the project AGL2010-18048 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Paloma Nadal is the recipient of a fellowship from the FPI program of Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. We thank Edgar Ropero for technical support in conducting the hydroponic experiment.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Sonia García-Marco

    Present address: EUIT Agrícola, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente nº 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Paloma Nadal, Sonia García-Marco & Juan J. Lucena

  2. Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Rosa Escudero

Authors
  1. Paloma Nadal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sonia García-Marco
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rosa Escudero
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Juan J. Lucena
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sonia García-Marco.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Hans Lambers.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

ESM 1

(DOC 10348 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nadal, P., García-Marco, S., Escudero, R. et al. Fertilizer properties of DCHA/Fe3+ . Plant Soil 356, 367–379 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-1118-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-1118-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation