Abstract
Pinus pinaster seedlings were grown in a sandy dune soil either inoculated withHebeloma cylindrosporum or let to natural colonisation. Six months later, half of the seedlings of both treatments were subjected to a 3-week moderate drought. Root colonisation analysis showed that root tips were colonised to almost 100% independent of the inoculation. DNA determination of the ectomycorrhizal morphotypes showed that inoculated seedlings were extensively mycorrhized byH. cylindrosporum (more than 75%) whereas non-inoculated seedlings were mycorrhized by the exotic speciesThelephora terrestris (50%) andLaccaria bicolor (30%) and to a lesser extent byH. cylindrosporum (20%). Drought did not affect these frequencies. Total plant biomass was not affected by the mycorrhizal status or by drought but the root/shoot biomass ratio as well as the root/leaf surface area ratio were much lower in seedlings extensively colonised byH. cylindrosporum. Root hydraulic conductivity was higher in plants mainly mycorrhized byH. cylindrosporum, showing that this fungus improved the water uptake capacity of the root system as compared toT. terrestris and/orL. bicolor. This positive effect was also found under drought but to a lesser extent.H. cylindrosporum also increased the amount of root-adhering soil as compared to the other fungal symbionts, illustrating the performance of this association in aggregating sandy soil particles and developing the rhizosheath. The origin of the reduced root hydraulic resistance byH. cylindrosporum mycorrhization is discussed for the whole path including soil, soil-root interface and root cortex.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- kr :
-
root hydraulic conductance
- kr/RSA:
-
root hydraulic conductivity
- RSA:
-
root surface area
- LSA:
-
leaf surface are
- RFAS:
-
root firmly adhering soil
- RVFAS:
-
root very firmly adhering soil
- RRAS:
-
residual root adhering soil
References
Altschul S F, Madden T L, Schaffer A A, Zhang J H, Zhang Z, Miller W and Lipman D J 1997 Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucl. Acids Res. 25, 3389–3340.
Amellal N, Bartoli F, Villemin G, Talouizte A and Heulin T 1999 Effects of inoculation of EPS-producingPantoea agglomerans on wheat rhizosphere aggregation. Plant Soil 211, 93–101.
Andersen C P, Markhart A H, III, Dixon R K and Sucoff E I 1988 Root hydraulic conductivity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal green ash seedlings. New Phytol. 109, 465–471.
Auge R M 2001 Water relations, drought and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza 11, 3–42.
Auge R M, Stodola A J W, Tims J E and Saxton A M 2001 Moisture retention properties of a mycorrhizal soil. Plant Soil 230, 87–97.
Bearden B N 2001 Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil structure and soil water characteristics of vertisols. Plant Soil 229, 245–258.
Bogeat-Triboulot M B, Martin R, Chatelet D and Cochard H 2002 Hydraulic conductance of root and shoot measured with the transient and dynamic modes of the high-pressure flowmeter. Ann. For. Sci. 59, 389–396.
Coleman M D, Bledsoe C S and Smit B A 1990 Root hydraulic conductivity and xylem sap levels of zeatin riboside and abscisic acid in ectomycorrhizal Douglas fir seedlings. New Phytol. 115, 275–284.
Czarnes S, Dexter A R and Bartoli F 2000 Welling and drying cycles in the maize rhizosphere under controlled culture chamber conditions: mechanics of the root-adhering soil. Plant Soil 221, 253–271.
Degens B P, Sparling G P and Abbott L K 1994 The contribution from hyphae, roots and organic carbon constituents to the aggregation of a sandy loam under long-term clover-based and grass pastures. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 45, 459–468.
Degens B P, Sparling G P and Abbott L K 1996 Increasing the length of hyphae in a sandy soil increases the amount of water-stable aggregates. App. Soil Ecol. 3, 149–159.
Frey-Klett P, Pierrat J C and Garbaye J 1997 Location and survival of mycorrhiza helperPseudomonas fluorescens during establishment of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis betweenLaccaria bicolor and Douglas fir. App. Environ. Microbiol. 63, 139–144.
Garbaye J and Guehl JM 1997 The role of ectomycorrhizas in water use by forest trees. Rev. For. Fr. 49, 110–120.
Graham J H and Syvertsen J P 1984 Influence of vesiculararbuscular mycorrhiza on the hydraulic conductivity of roots of two citrus rootstocks. New Phytol. 97, 277–284.
Gryta H, Debaud J C, Effosse A, Gay G and Marmeisse R 1997 Fine-scale structure of populations of the ectomycorrhizal fungusHebeloma cylindrosporum in coastal sand dune forest ecosystems. Mol. Ecol. 6, 353–364.
Guehl J M, Garbaye J and Wartinger A 1992 The effects of mycorrhizal status on plant-water relations and sensitivity of leaf gas exchange to soil drought in Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings.In Mycorrhizas in Ecosystems. Eds. D J Read, D H Lewis, A H Fitter and I J Alexander. pp. 323–332. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
Guidot A, Gryta H, Gourbière F, Debaud J C and Marmeisse R 2002 Forest habitat characteristics affect balance between sexual reproduction and clonal propagation of the ectomycorrhizal mushroomHebeloma cylindrosporum. Oikos 99, 25–36.
Jones H G 1992 Plants and microclimate: a quantitative approach to environmental plant physiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK. 428 pp.
Lamhamedi M S, Bernier P Y and Fortin J A 1992 Hydraulic conductance and soil water potential at the soil-root interface ofPinus pinaster seedlings inoculated with different dikaryons ofPisolithus sp. Tree Physiol. 10, 231–244.
Martin F, Delaruelle C and Ivory M 1998 Genetic variability in intergenic spacers of ribosomal DNA inPisolithus isolates associated with pine, eucalyptus and Afzelia in lowland Kenyan forests. New Phytol. 139, 341–352.
Materechera S A, Kirby J M, Alston A M and Dexter A R 1994 Modification of soil aggregation by watering regime and roots growing through beds of large aggregates. Plant Soil 160, 57–66.
Moorby J and Besford R T 1983 Mineral nutrition and growth.In Inorganic plant nutrition. Eds. A Läuchli and B L Bieleski. pp 481–521 Springer-Verlag, Berlin Germany.
Morte A, Diaz G, Rodriguez P, Alarcon J J and Sanchez-Blanco M J 2001 Growth and water relations in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal Pinus halepensis plants in response to drought. Biol. Plant. 44, 263–267.
Muhsin T M and Zwiazek J J 2002 Ectomycorrhizas increase apoplastic water transport and root hydraulic conductivity inUlmus americana seedlings. New Phytol. 153, 153–158.
Nardini A, Salleo S, Tyree M T and Vertovec M 2000 Influence of the ectomycorrhizas formed byTuber melanosporum Vitt. on hydraulic conductance and water relations ofQuercus ilex L. seedlings. Ann. For. Sci. 57, 305–312.
Nardini A and Tyree M T 1999 Root and shoot hydraulic conductance of sevenQuercus species. Ann. For. Sci. 56, 371–377.
North G B and Nobel P S 1991 Changes in hydraulic conductivity and anatomy caused by drying and rewetting roots ofAgave deserti (Agavaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 78, 906–915.
North G B and Nobel P S 1997 Drought-induced changes in soil contact and hydraulic conductivity for roots of opuntia ficus-indica with and without rhizosheaths. Plant Soil 191, 249–258.
North P F 1976 Towards an absolute measurement of soil structural stability using ultrasound. J. Soil Sci. 27, 451–459.
Peterson C A, Enstone D E and Taylor J H 1999 Pine root structure and its potential significance for root function. Plant Soil 217, 205–213.
Picon C, Guehl J M and Ferhi A 1996 Leaf gas exchange and carbon isotope composition responses to drought in a drought-avoiding (Pinus pinaster) and a drought-tolerant (Quercus petraea) species under present and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Plant Cell Environ. 19, 182–190.
Rao P S and Niederpruem D J 1969 Carbohydrate metabolism during morphogenesis ofCoprinus lagopus (sensu Buller). J. Bacteriol. 100, 1222–1228.
Ruiz-Lozano J M and Azcon R 1995 Hyphal contribution to water uptake in mycorrhizal plants as affected by the fungal species and water status. Physiol. Plant. 95, 472–478.
Sands R, Fiscus E L and Reid C P P 1982 Hydraulic properties of pine and bean roots with varying degrees of suberization, vascular differentiation and mycorrhizal infection. Aust. J. Pl. Physiol. 9, 559–569.
Smith S E and Read D J 1997 Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press, San Diego, US. ix+ 605 pp.
Steudle E and Heydt H 1997 Water transport across tree roots.In Trees - Contributions to Modern Tree Physiology. Eds. H Rennenberg, W Eschrich and H Ziegler. pp. 239–255. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Tagu D, Kottke I and Martin F 1998 Hydrophobins in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis: hypothesis. Symbiosis 25, 5–18.
Tyree M T, Patino S, Bennink J and Alexander J 1995 Dynamic measurements of root hydraulic conductance using a high-pressure flowmeter in the laborafory and field. J. Exp. Bot. 46, 83–94.
Tyree M T, Velez V and Dalling J W 1998 Growth dynamics of root and shoot hydraulic conductance in seedlings of five neotropical tree species: scaling to show possible adaptation to differing light regimes. Oecologia 114, 293–298.
Veen B W, Noordwijk M v, Willigen P d, Boone F R and Kooistra M J 1992 Root-soil contact of maize, as measured by a thin-section technique. III. Effects on shoot growth, nitrate and water uptake efficiency. Plant Soil 139, 131–138.
White T J, Bruns T, Lee S and Taylor J 1990 Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.In PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications. pp. 315–322. Academic Press Inc.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bogeat-Triboulot, MB., Bartoli, F., Garbaye, J. et al. Fungal ectomycorrhizal community and drought affect root hydraulic properties and soil adherence to roots ofPinus pinaster seedlings. Plant Soil 267, 213–223 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-5349-7
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-5349-7