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A deleterious Sar1c variant in rice inhibits export of seed storage proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

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We identified a dosage-dependent dominant negative form of Sar1c, which confirms the essential role of COPII system in mediating ER export of storage proteins in rice endosperm.

Abstract

Higher plants accumlate large amounts of seed storage proteins (SSPs). However, mechanisms underlying SSP trafficking are largely unknown, especially the ER-Golgi anterograde process. Here, we showed that a rice glutelin precursor accumulation13 (gpa13) mutant exhibited floury endosperm and overaccumulated glutelin precursors, which phenocopied the reported RNAi-Sar1abc line. Molecular cloning revealed that the gpa13 allele encodes a mutated Sar1c (mSar1c) with a deletion of two conserved amino acids Pro134 and Try135. Knockdown or knockout of Sar1c alone caused no obvious phenotype, while overexpression of mSar1c resulted in seedling lethality similar to the gpa13 mutant. Transient expression experiment in tobacco combined with subcellular fractionation experiment in gpa13 demonstrated that the expression of mSar1c affects the subcellular distribution of all Sar1 isoforms and Sec23c. In addition, mSar1c failed to interact with COPII component Sec23. Conversely, mSar1c competed with Sar1a/b/d to interact with guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sec12. Together, we identified a dosage-dependent dominant negative form of Sar1c, which confirms the essential role of COPII system in mediating ER export of storage proteins in rice endosperm.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Core Facility Platform, Institute of Crop Sciences, CAAS, for assistance with confocal imaging and TEM.

Funding

This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFF1000200), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31830064), Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (BK20180024), and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS (grants CAAS-ZDXT202001, CAAS-ZDXT2019003 and Leading Talent to Y.R.). This work was also supported by International Science & Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAASTIP), the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, China (Y2021YJ18), and Jiangsu Nanjing National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for rice germplasm.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China

    Xiuhao Bao, Yongfei Wang, Yunlong Wang, Tian Pan, Mingzhou Yu, Yu Zhang, Hongming Wu, Pengcheng Zhang, Yi Ji, Hang Yang, Xiaokang Jiang, Ruonan Jing, Chuanwei Gu, Jianping Zhu, Yuanyuan Hao, Jie Lei, Xiaoli Chen, Rongbo Chen, Yinglun Sun, Ling Jiang, Yihua Wang & Jianmin Wan

  2. National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China

    Yanzhou Qi, Cailin Lei, Mengyuan Yan, Binglei Zhang, Shuang Zhang, Yun Zhu, Xin Zhang, Yulong Ren & Jianmin Wan

  3. Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, the Netherlands

    Yanzhou Qi & Richard G. F. Visser

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  1. Xiuhao Bao
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  2. Yongfei Wang
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  8. Yu Zhang
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  9. Hongming Wu
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  20. Jie Lei
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Contributions

JW supervised the project; JW, YW, and YR designed the research; XB, YW, YQ, TP, MY, YZ, HW, PZ, YJ, HY, XJ, RJ, MY, BZ, CG, JL, JZ, YH, XC, RC, SZ, and YS performed research; YR, YW, YQ, GV, CL, XZ, YZ, and LJ provided technical assistance; XB and YW wrote, YR and JW revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yulong Ren or Yihua Wang.

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Bao, X., Wang, Y., Qi, Y. et al. A deleterious Sar1c variant in rice inhibits export of seed storage proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Plant Mol Biol 111, 291–307 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-022-01327-z

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