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Ethanol treatment enhances drought stress avoidance in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

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Abstract

External application of ethanol enhances tolerance to high salinity, drought, and heat stress in various plant species. However, the effects of ethanol application on increased drought tolerance in woody plants, such as the tropical crop “cassava,” remain unknown. In the present study, we analyzed the morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of cassava plants subjected to ethanol pretreatment and subsequent drought stress treatment. Ethanol pretreatment induced a slight accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and stomatal closure, resulting in a reduced transpiration rate, higher water content in the leaves during drought stress treatment and the starch accumulation in leaves. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that ethanol pretreatment upregulated the expression of ABA signaling-related genes, such as PP2Cs and AITRs, and stress response and protein-folding-related genes, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs). In addition, the upregulation of drought-inducible genes during drought treatment was delayed in ethanol-pretreated plants compared with that in water-pretreated control plants. These results suggest that ethanol pretreatment induces stomatal closure through activation of the ABA signaling pathway, protein folding-related response by activating the HSP/chaperone network and the changes in sugar and starch metabolism, resulting in increased drought avoidance in plants.

Key message

Ethanol priming induces drought stress avoidance in cassava by regulating stomatal closure.

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Availability of data and material (data transparency)

The microarray data were deposited in the GEO database (GSE195521). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE195521. The secure token for the reviewers: uxshyocedrofxqn.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing.

Funding

This work was supported by grants from RIKEN, Japan (to MS), including the RIKEN–AIST Joint Research Fund (full research), Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (JPMJCR13B4 to MS), and A-STEP (JPMJTM19BS to MS) of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan (Innovative Areas 18H04791 and 18H04705 to MS).

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Author notes

  1. Anh Thu Vu and Yoshinori Utsumi have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan

    Anh Thu Vu, Yoshinori Utsumi, Chikako Utsumi, Maho Tanaka, Satoshi Takahashi, Daisuke Todaka, Kaori Sako, Khurram Bashir & Motoaki Seki

  2. Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan

    Maho Tanaka, Satoshi Takahashi & Motoaki Seki

  3. Dormancy and Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan

    Yuri Kanno & Mitsunori Seo

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Eigo Ando

  5. Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 631-8505, Japan

    Kaori Sako

  6. Department of Life Sciences, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

    Khurram Bashir

  7. Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan

    Anh Thu Vu & Toshinori Kinoshita

  8. Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Road, Bac Tu Lie District, Ha Noi, Vietnam

    Xuan Hoi Pham

  9. Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan

    Motoaki Seki

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  1. Anh Thu Vu
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Contributions

YU and MoS designed the study. ATV, YU, CU, and MT measured the physiological parameters. YK and MiS performed phytohormone measurements. ATV, YU, and MT prepared RNA and performed microarray analysis. DA and ST performed the prediction of intrinsically disordered regions and helped with transcriptome analysis. YU, ATV, and CU propagated the plants. EA and TK measured stomatal apertures. KO,KB and XHP provided comments. YU, ATV, and MoS wrote the original draft.

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Correspondence to Yoshinori Utsumi or Motoaki Seki.

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11103_2022_1300_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Supplementary Figure 1. DAB staining of cassava leaves. a DAB staining of the leaves from plants pretreated with 1.0% ethanol or water (control) for 5 days. b DAB staining of the leaves from cassava plants pretreated with 1.0% ethanol and water (control) and then subjected to drought stress treatments for 6 days. c DAB staining of the leaves from cassava plants pretreated with 1.0% ethanol and water (control) and then subjected to drought stress treatment for 12 days

11103_2022_1300_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Supplementary Figure 2. Representative cassava plants that were pretreated with 1% ethanol and water (control) and then subjected to drought stress treatment for 6 days. Bar = 30 cm

Supplementary file2 (XLSX 3.15 MB)

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Vu, A.T., Utsumi, Y., Utsumi, C. et al. Ethanol treatment enhances drought stress avoidance in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Plant Mol Biol 110, 269–285 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-022-01300-w

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