Abstract
Key message
The interaction between exogenous IBA with sucrose, light and ventilation, alters the expression of ARFs and Aux/IAA genes in in vitro grown Carica papaya plantlets.
Abstract
In vitro papaya plantlets normally show low rooting percentages during their ex vitro establishment that eventually leads to high mortality when transferred to field conditions. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) auxin is normally added to culture medium, to achieve adventitious root formation on in vitro papaya plantlets. However, the molecular mechanisms occurring when IBA is added to the medium under varying external conditions of sugar, light and ventilation have not been studied. Auxin response factors (ARF) are auxin-transcription activators, while auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) are auxin-transcription repressors, that modulate key components involved in auxin signaling in plants. In the present study, we identified 12 CpARF and 18 CpAux/IAA sequences in the papaya genome. The cis-acting regulatory elements associated to those CpARFs and CpAux/IAA gene families were associated with stress and hormone responses. Furthermore, a comprehensive characterization and expression profiling analysis was performed on 6 genes involved in rhizogenesis formation (CpARF5, 6, 7 and CpAux/IAA11, 13, 14) from in vitro papaya plantlets exposed to different rhizogenesis-inducing treatments. In general, intact in vitro plantlets were not able to produce adventitious roots, when IBA (2 mg L−1) was added to the culture medium; they became capable to produce roots and increased their ex-vitro survival. However, the best rooting and survival % were obtained when IBA was added in combination with adequate sucrose supply (20 g L−1), increased light intensity (750 µmol photon m−2 s−1) and ventilation systems within the culture vessel. Interestingly, it was precisely under those conditions that promoted high rooting and survival %, where the highest expression of CpARFs, but the lowest expression of CpAux/IAAs occurred. One interesting case occurred when in vitro plantlets were exposed to high levels of light in the absence of added IBA, as high rooting and survival occurred, even though no exogenous auxin was added. In fact, plantlets from this treatment showed the right expression profile between auxin activators/repressors genes, in both stem base and root tissues.
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This research was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) (Project No. CB 2013-221208-Z).
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Conceptualization: HE-M, GF, JMS; Bioinformatics analysis: HE-M, AC-L, AGR; Design and analyzed of experiments: HE-M, YD, JMS; qRT-PCR assays: HE-M; Formal analysis and writing-original draft preparation: HE-M, YD, GF, JMS; Writing-review and editing: all the authors; Project administration and funding acquisition: JMS.
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Supplementary file1 (XLSX 23 KB)
Multiple sequence alignment of 23 ARF proteins of A. thaliana against 12 ARF proteins identified in C. papaya proteins using the program ClustalW. Black line represent amino-terminal DNA binding domain region (DBD), Green line corresponds to auxin response elements (AuxRE), Blue line represent middle region (Transcription activation) of ARF proteins (MR), Orange lines corresponds to C-terminal dimerization domain (CTD; III and IV domains respectively). The same color shaded backgrounds indicate partial or entirely conserved amino acid residues, respectively.
Supplementary file2 (XLSX 24 KB)
Multiple sequence alignment of 29 Aux/IAA proteins of A. thaliana against 18 Aux/IAA proteins identified in C. papaya proteins using the program ClustalW. Rectangles represent four domains (I–IV) of Aux/IAA proteins. Green rectangle represents the domain I (homodimer), red rectangle represents the domain (II) with the amino acids motif QVVGWPPVRSYRK, blue and yellow rectangles represent the homo- and heterodimerization domains III and IV domain respectively. The same color shaded backgrounds indicate partial or entirely conserved amino acid residues, respectively.
Supplementary file3 (PDF 346 KB)
BLASTP results of the amino acid sequences CpARF found in the C. papaya cv. Sunup genome that show homology to AtARF of A. thaliana. Pairwise identity percentage between 23 AtARF and 12 CpARF amino acid sequences.
Supplementary file4 (PDF 161 KB)
BLASTP results of the amino acid sequences CpAux/IAA found in the C. papaya cv. Sunup genome that show homology to AtAux/IAA of A. thaliana. Pairwise identity percentage between 29 AtAux/IAA and 18 CpAux/IAA amino acid sequences.
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Estrella-Maldonado, H., Chan-León, A., Fuentes, G. et al. The interaction between exogenous IBA with sucrose, light and ventilation alters the expression of ARFs and Aux/IAA genes in Carica papaya plantlets. Plant Mol Biol 110, 107–130 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-022-01289-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-022-01289-2