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Diabetes insipidus after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery: multicenter experience and development of the SALT score

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Abstract

Objective

To identify risk factors for the development of postoperative diabetes insipidus (DI) in a modern cohort of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery.

Methods

Analysis of prospectively collected data of 449 consecutive patients operated on for anterior skull base pathology. DI was defined as a polyuria (> 250 ml/h for ≥ 2 consecutive hours) polydipsia syndrome associated with hypotonic urine with or without hypernatraemia. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of postoperative DI. A simple scoring system was then created.

Results

Postoperative DI occurred in 46 (10.2%) patients. The development of DI did not affect quality of life. Predictors of DI on multivariate analysis included suprasellar extension (OR 2.2; p = 0.04), age < 50 years (OR 2.8; p = 0.003), craniopharyngioma histology (OR 6.7; p = 0.002), and Kelly grade 3 intraoperative CSF leak (OR 2.1; p = 0.04). The SALT score was created based on these characteristics, with one point awarded for each feature present, and predicted DI with fair to good predictive value in our cohort (AUROC 0.735 (95%CI 0.65–0.82)). The rates of postoperative DI were 4.0%, 6.5%, 15.0%. 36.8% and 85.7% for SALT scores of zero, one, two, three, and four, respectively.

Conclusions

The SALT score predicts postoperative DI with fair to good accuracy, and now requires prospective external validation. Improved prediction of DI could optimize resource allocation and facilitate individualised preoperative patient counselling. We also provide our algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of DI.

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Acknowledgements

The first author is undertaking a higher degree funded by an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship.

Funding

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia

    Mendel Castle-Kirszbaum & Tony Goldschlager

  2. Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia

    Peter Fuller

  3. Department of Molecular Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

    Peter Fuller

  4. Department of Neurosurgery, St Vincent’s Health, Melbourne, Australia

    Yi Yuen Wang

  5. Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia

    James King

  6. Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

    Tony Goldschlager

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  1. Mendel Castle-Kirszbaum
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  2. Peter Fuller
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mendel Castle-Kirszbaum.

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Conclusion

DI is common after endoscopic TSS. Predictors of postoperative DI include craniopharyngioma histology, suprasellar extension, Kelly grade 3 intraoperative CSF leak, and age < 50 years. Together, these factors form the SALT score, which predicted DI in our cohort with fair to good predictive value. It requires external validation prior to wider implementation. We also describe our algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of DI.

The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.

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Castle-Kirszbaum, M., Fuller, P., Wang, Y.Y. et al. Diabetes insipidus after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery: multicenter experience and development of the SALT score. Pituitary 24, 867–877 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-021-01159-y

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