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Feasibility of machine learning based predictive modelling of postoperative hyponatremia after pituitary surgery

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Abstract

Purpose

Hyponatremia after pituitary surgery is a frequent finding with potential severe complications and the most common cause for readmission. Several studies have found parameters associated with postoperative hyponatremia, but no reliable specific predictor was described yet. This pilot study evaluates the feasibility of machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict postoperative hyponatremia after resection of pituitary lesions.

Methods

Retrospective screening of a prospective registry of patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary lesions. Hyponatremia within 30 days after surgery was the primary outcome. Several pre- and intraoperative clinical, procedural and laboratory features were selected to train different ML algorithms. Trained models were compared using common performance metrics. Final model was internally validated on the testing dataset.

Results

From 207 patients included in the study, 44 (22%) showed a hyponatremia within 30 days postoperatively. Hyponatremic measurements peaked directly postoperatively (day 0–1) and around day 7. Bootstrapped performance metrics of different trained ML-models showed largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the boosted generalized linear model (67.1%), followed by the Naïve Bayes classifier (64.6%). The discriminative capability of the final model was assessed by predicting on unseen dataset. Large AUROC (84.3%; 67.0–96.4), sensitivity (81.8%) and specificity (77.5%) with an overall accuracy of 78.4% (66.7–88.2) was reached.

Conclusion

Our trained ML-model was able to learn the complex risk factor interactions and showed a high discriminative capability on unseen patient data. In conclusion, ML-methods can predict postoperative hyponatremia and thus potentially reduce morbidity and improve patient safety.

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Availability of data and material

Anonymized raw data files and custom-made code are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Frauenklinkstrasse 10, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland

    Stefanos Voglis, Christiaan H. B. van Niftrik, Victor E. Staartjes, Luca Regli & Carlo Serra

  2. Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, Institute for Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Giovanna Brandi

  3. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Oliver Tschopp

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  1. Stefanos Voglis
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  2. Christiaan H. B. van Niftrik
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  3. Victor E. Staartjes
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  4. Giovanna Brandi
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  5. Oliver Tschopp
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Correspondence to Stefanos Voglis.

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Voglis, S., van Niftrik, C.H.B., Staartjes, V.E. et al. Feasibility of machine learning based predictive modelling of postoperative hyponatremia after pituitary surgery. Pituitary 23, 543–551 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-020-01056-w

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