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Developmental changes in energy dissipation in etiolated wheat seedlings during the greening process

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Photosynthetica

Abstract

We studied the developmental changes in photosynthetic and respiration rates and thermal dissipation processes connected with chloroplasts and mitochondria activity in etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Irgina) seedlings during the greening process. Etioplasts gradually developed into mature chloroplasts under continuous light [190 μmol(photon) m−2 s−1] for 48 h in 5-day-dark-grown seedlings. The net photosynthetic rate of irradiated leaves became positive after 6 h of illumination and increased further. The first two hours of de-etiolation were characterized by low values of maximum (Fv/Fm) and actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and by a coefficient of photochemical quenching in leaves. Fv/Fm reached 0.8 by the end of 24 h-light period. During greening, energy-dependent component of nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, violaxanthin cycle (VXC) operation, and lipoperoxidation activity changed in a similar way. Values of these parameters were the highest at the later phase of de-etiolation (4–12 h of illumination). The respiration rate increased significantly after 2 h of greening and it was the highest after 4–6 h of illumination. It was caused by an increase in alternative respiration (AP) capacity. The strong, positive linear correlation was revealed between AP capacity and heat production in greening tissues. These results indicated that VXC in chloroplasts and AP in mitochondria were intensified as energy-dissipating systems at the later stage of greening (after 4 h), when most of prolamellar bodies converted into thylakoids, and they showed the greatest activity until the photosynthetic machinery was almost completely developed.

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Abbreviations

AL:

actinic light

AP:

alternative pathway of respiration

Ax:

antheraxanthin

Car:

carotenoids

Ch:

chloroplast

Chl:

chlorophyll

Chlide:

chlorophyllide

CP:

cytochrome pathway of respiration

DM:

dry mass

ETC:

electron transport chain

Ft, Fo′, and Fm :

stationary, minimal, and maximal fluorescence in leaves adapted to the actinic light [190 μmol(photon) m−2 s−1, PAR]

FM:

fresh mass

Fv/Fm :

maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII

lut:

lutein

LPA:

lipoperoxidation activity

M:

mitochondrion

NPQ:

nonphotochemical quenching

Nx:

neoxanthin

PAR:

photosynthetically active radiation

PLB:

prolamellar body

P N :

net photosynthetic rate

Pchlide:

protochlorophyllide

PSII:

photosystem II

q:

rate of heat production

qE :

energy-dependent component of nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching

qN and qP :

coefficients of nonphotochemical and photochemical quenching, respectively

R D :

dark respiration measured as CO2 emission rate

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SHAM:

salicylhydroxamic acid

TBARS:

thiobarbituric acid-reactive-substances

TCA:

tricarboxylic acid cycle

Valt and Vcyt :

capacity of alternative and cytochrome pathway of respiration, respectively

Vt :

total respiration measured as O2 uptake rate

VDE:

violaxanthin de-epoxidase

Vx:

violaxanthin

VXC:

violaxanthin cycle

ΦPSII :

actual photochemical efficiency of PSII

Zx:

zeaxanthin

β-Car:

β-carotene

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia

    E. V. Garmash, O. V. Dymova, R. V. Malyshev, S. N. Plyusnina & T. K. Golovko

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  1. E. V. Garmash
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  2. O. V. Dymova
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  3. R. V. Malyshev
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  4. S. N. Plyusnina
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  5. T. K. Golovko
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Correspondence to E. V. Garmash.

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Acknowledgments: We are thankful to Prof. Kazimierz Strzałka and Prof. Anna Rychter for reading the manuscript and for useful comments. This work is supported by the grant from the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (No 12-Y-4-1008). In addition, we are grateful to the reviewers for their valuable comments.

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Garmash, E.V., Dymova, O.V., Malyshev, R.V. et al. Developmental changes in energy dissipation in etiolated wheat seedlings during the greening process. Photosynthetica 51, 497–508 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-013-0044-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-013-0044-z

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