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Effects of long-term ozone exposure on citrus: Chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange

  • Original Papers
  • Published:
Photosynthetica

Abstract

Three-years-old trees of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu [Mak.] Marc.) cv. Okitsu were exposed to O3 fumigation during long term (one year) in open-top chambers. As a result of the treatment, chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange parameters were modified with respect to trees growing in O3-free conditions. Net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance decreased and intercellular CO2 concentration increased according to a reduction of the non-cyclic electron flow and a lower capacity to reduce the quinone pool. O3 also reduced the development of non-photochemical quenching preventing the dissipation of excess excitation energy and, therefore, generated several alterations in photosynthetic apparatus. All these effects were obtained in long-term exposure and higher O3 concentration. In O3 ambient conditions, the effects were minor.

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Abbreviations

AOT40:

accumulated O3 exposure over 40 mm3 m−3

CFA:

charcoal-filtered ozone-free air

Chl:

chlorophyll

C i :

intercellular CO2 concentration

Fm :

maximum Chl fluorescence yield obtained with a dark-adapted sample

Fm′:

maximum Chl fluorescence yield in irradiated samples

F0 :

minimum Chl fluorescence yield in the dark-adapted state

F0′:

Chl fluorescence yield by a brief interruption of actinic irradiation in the presence of far-red radiation

Fs :

Chl fluorescence yield during actinic irradiation

Fv :

(Fm-F0) variable Chl fluorescence in the dark-adapted leaf

g s :

stomatal conductance to water vapour

NFA:

nonfiltered air

NFA+O3 :

non-filtered air with additional ozone

NPQ:

non-photochemical quenching calculated from Stern-Volmer quenching

OTC:

open-top chamber

PAR:

photosynthetically active radiation

P Nmax :

photosynthetic activity at PAR saturation

PFD:

photon flux density

PS2:

photosystem 2

qP :

photochemical quenching

RC:

reaction centre

φPS2 :

quantum efficiency of PS2

%D:

fraction of PAR absorbed that is dissipated in the PS2 antennae

%P:

fraction of PAR absorbed that is utilised in PS2 photochemistry

%X:

fraction of PAR absorbed that is neither used in photochemistry nor dissipated in the PS2 antennae

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dpto. Horticultura and Citricultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias I.V.I.A., Conselleria de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Generalitat Valenciana, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera km. 4.5, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain

    A. Calatayud, D. J. Iglesias & M. Talón

  2. Dpto. Botánica. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, C/Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain

    E. Barreno

Authors
  1. A. Calatayud
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  2. D. J. Iglesias
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  3. M. Talón
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  4. E. Barreno
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Correspondence to A. Calatayud.

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Calatayud, A., Iglesias, D.J., Talón, M. et al. Effects of long-term ozone exposure on citrus: Chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange. Photosynthetica 44, 548–554 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-006-0070-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-006-0070-1

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