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Fabrication and Characterization of Dissolving Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery of Apomorphine Hydrochloride in Parkinson’s Disease

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Abstract

Purpose

We fabricated and characterized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based dissolving microneedles (MNs) for transdermal drug delivery of apomorphine hydrochloride (APO), which is used in treating the wearing-off phenomenon observed in Parkinson’s disease.

Methods

We fabricated MN arrays with 11 × 11 needles of four different lengths (300, 600, 900, and 1200 μm) by micromolding. The APO-loaded dissolving MNs were characterized in terms of their physicochemical and functional properties. We also compared the pharmacokinetic parameters after drug administration using MNs with those after subcutaneous injection by analyzing the blood concentration of APO in rats.

Results

PVA-based dissolving MNs longer than 600 μm could effectively puncture the stratum corneum of the rat skin with penetrability of approximately one-third of the needle length. Although APO is known to have chemical stability issues in aqueous solutions, the drug content in APO-loaded MNs was retained at 25°C for 12 weeks. The concentration of APO after the administration of APO-loaded 600-μm MNs that dissolved completely in skin within 60 min was 81%. The absorption of 200-μg APO delivered by MNs showed a Tmax of 20 min, Cmax of 76 ng/mL, and AUC0–120 min of 2,829 ng・min/mL, compared with a Tmax of 5 min, Cmax of 126 ng/mL, and AUC0–120 min of 3,224 ng・min/mL for subcutaneous injection. The bioavailability in terms of AUC0–120 min of APO delivered by MNs was 88%.

Conclusion

APO-loaded dissolving MNs can deliver APO via skin into the systemic circulation with rapid absorption and high bioavailability.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number JP22K15350) and AMED (Grant Number JP22mk0101193).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan

    Daisuke Ando, Eiichi Yamamoto, Tamaki Miyazaki, Yoji Sato, Tatsuo Koide & Ken-ichi Izutsu

  2. Laboratory of Anatomy II, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan

    Aisa Ozawa & Motoharu Sakaue

  3. Division of Medical Devices, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan

    Eiichi Yamamoto

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan

    Ken-ichi Izutsu

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  1. Daisuke Ando
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Contributions

D.A. designed the projects, performed the experiments, directed the research, and wrote the manuscript. A.O. and M.S. performed histological experiments. E.Y., T.M., T.K., Y. S., and K.I. assisted in writing the manuscript. All the authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Daisuke Ando.

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Ando, D., Ozawa, A., Sakaue, M. et al. Fabrication and Characterization of Dissolving Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery of Apomorphine Hydrochloride in Parkinson’s Disease. Pharm Res 41, 153–163 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-023-03621-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-023-03621-x

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