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In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Water Extract of White Cocoa Tea (Camellia ptilophylla) Against Human Prostate Cancer

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ABSTRACT

Purpose

We evaluated the chemotherapeutic effect of water extract of white cocoa tea (WCTE) against human prostate cancer (PCa) in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

Cell viability and cell cycle distribution were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blotting was performed to determine changes in levels of various proteins. Effect of WCTE was determined in athymic nude mice implanted with PC-3 cells.

Results

Treatment with WCTE (100–150 µg/ml) inhibited cell proliferation, which correlated with G2/M phase arrest in PC-3 cells. WCTE treatment to PC-3 cells resulted in (1) induction of WAF1/p21 and KIP1/p27, (2) decrease in cyclins D1, D2 and E, (3) decrease in cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 2, 4 and 6, (4) induction of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2, (5) decrease in procaspase-3, -8, (6) inhibition of nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of NF-κB and activation of IKKα, and (7) inhibition of phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. Oral administration of WCTE (0.1 and 0.2%, wt/vol) to athymic nude mice resulted in greater than 50% inhibition of tumor growth. There was a decrease in expressions of cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and p-NF-κB and an increase in WAF1/p21 and Bax in tumor tissues of mice.

Conclusion

WCTE can be a useful chemotherapeutic agent against human PCa.

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Abbreviations

cdk:

cyclin-dependent kinase

EGCG:

Epigallocatechin gallate

GCG:

Gallocatechin gallate

MTT:

Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

PCa:

Prostate cancer

WCTE:

White cocoa tea extract

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work is supported by Chinese Government Scholarship to Li Peng to conduct research work in the laboratory of Prof. Hasan Mukhtar at University of Wisconsin-Madison and by United States Public Health Service Grants RO1 CA 78809, RO1 CA 101039, RO1 CA 120451 and P50 DK065303.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China

    Li Peng & Chuangxing Ye

  2. Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA

    Li Peng, Naghma Khan, Farrukh Afaq & Hasan Mukhtar

Authors
  1. Li Peng
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  2. Naghma Khan
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  3. Farrukh Afaq
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  4. Chuangxing Ye
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  5. Hasan Mukhtar
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Correspondence to Hasan Mukhtar.

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Peng, L., Khan, N., Afaq, F. et al. In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Water Extract of White Cocoa Tea (Camellia ptilophylla) Against Human Prostate Cancer. Pharm Res 27, 1128–1137 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-010-0052-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-010-0052-7

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