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Impact of Alkalis and Chlorides from Sugarcane Agriculture Residues on High Temperature Corrosion: A Review

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Abstract

Biomass combustion for electric energy production is associated with corrosion. The formation of unwanted deposits on heat-exchanger surfaces with significant concentrations of alkaline species of K and Na, as well as S and Cl, are the cause. Modern biomass power plants operate at temperatures that exceed those where corrosion is not so severe. At high temperatures, molten salts deposits increase the corrosion rate. Molten sulfates are the most common cause of molten-salt corrosion, as they can dissolve the protective oxide layer, even on stainless steels alloys. Active oxidation occurs in an oxidizing environment in the presence of chlorine (KCl or NaCl) at high temperatures. Molten chlorinated compounds have great influence despite the fact that the melting temperature of KCl (s) is 774 °C, since this compound together with other substances forms eutectics at much lower temperatures that increase the corrosion rate. The high corrosiveness of biomass requires the use of more resistant steels and proposals are made for the most effective alloys. Aditionally, to reduce the effect of alkalis and chlorides, variants are analysed as co-combustion with biomass less loaded in alkalis and chlorides, the addition of sulphur compounds to convert the chlorides of low melting point into sulfates of higher melting point; the pretreatment by leaching of the biomass to reduce compounds that compromise its use or to include solutions in the design of the plants that prevent the arrival of corrosive compounds to the superheater.

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Funding

This research was supported by the “National Program of Development of the Agroindustry of Sugar Cane” In the proyect “Evaluation of alternatives for the increment of sugar cane agriculture residues in cogeneration with bagaze as fuel in biomass boilers”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Science and Technology of Materials, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba

    C. Lariot-Sánchez & A. Rivas-Gutierrez

  2. Center for Energy and Environmental Technologies Assessments (CEETA)/, Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba

    L. Rodríguez-Machín & A. Rubio-González

  3. Department of Chemistry, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba

    P. J. Iturria-Quintero

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  1. C. Lariot-Sánchez
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Lariot-Sánchez, C., Rivas-Gutierrez, A., Rodríguez-Machín, L. et al. Impact of Alkalis and Chlorides from Sugarcane Agriculture Residues on High Temperature Corrosion: A Review. Oxid Met 97, 451–475 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-022-10102-w

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