Abstract
This work describes the straightforward solvothermal microwave irradiation approach utilized to create pure and variable quantities of Fe doped CuO nanoparticles, as well as the experimental methods used to characterize their structural properties. The chemical, physical, and structural features of the nanoparticles were characterized using a wide variety of methods. The crystal structure, lattice properties, and crystallite size of the pure and Fe-doped CuO nanoparticles produced were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction investigation. Analyzing the produced nanoparticles using Energy Dispersive X-ray Absorptiometry confirmed their atomic percentage and stoichiometry. The band gap and absorption were calculated from the items’ measured UV–visible spectra. Photoluminescence tests confirmed the materials’ stated green emission. Surface morphology and nanoparticles quality is assessed by SEM. Transmission electron microscopy can assess particle size and dispersion. The temperature dependence of the dielectric characteristics of nanoparticles was studied. It has been shown that CuO nanoparticles, both undoped and Fe-doped possess applications like power generation, circuitry, telecommunication, optical and photovoltaic device.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Not applicable.
Code availability
Not applicable.
References
Amikura, H., Masumi, T.: Reconfirmation with discussions of anomalies in photoconductivity of Cu2O at low temperatures. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 64(7), 2684–2696 (1995)
Aslani, A.: Controlling the morphology and size of CuO nanostructures with synthesis by solvo/hydrothermal method without any additives. Phys. B Condens. Matter. 406, 150–154 (2011)
Ayyub, P., Palkar, V.R., Chattopadhyay, S., Multani, M.: Effect of crystal size reduction on lattice symmetry and cooperative properties. Phys. Rev. B 51, 6135–6138 (1995)
Basith, N.M., Vijaya, J.J., Kennedy, L.J., Bououdina, M.: Structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic properties of Ni-doped CuO nanostructures prepared by a rapid microwave combustion method. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 17, 110–118 (2014)
Bohannan, E.W., Shumsky, M.G., Switzer, J.A.: Epitaxial electrodeposition of copper(I) oxide on single-crystal gold(100). Chem. Mater. 11, 2289–2291 (1999)
Borgohain, K., Singh, J.B., Rama Rao, M.V., Shripathi, T., Mahamuni, S.: Quantum size effects in CuO nanoparticles. Phys. Rev. 61, 11093–11096 (2000)
Borgohain, K., Murase, N., Mahamuni, S.: Synthesis and properties of Cu2O quantum particles. J. Appl. Phys. 92, 1292–1297 (2002)
Cao, M., Hu, C., Wang, Y., Guo, Y., Guo, C., Wang, E.: A controllable synthetic route to Cu, Cu2O, and CuO nanotubes and nanorods. Chem. Commun. 15, 1884–1885 (2003)
Caswell, N., Yu, P.Y.: Physical origin of the anomalous temperature dependence of the 1S yellow exciton luminescence intensity in Cu2O. Phys. Rev. B 25, 5519–5522 (1982)
Deki, S., Akamatsu, K., Yano, T., Mizuhata, M., Kajinami, A.: Preparation and characterization of copper(I) oxide nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrix. J. Mater. Chem. 8, 1865–1868 (1998)
Dong, Y., Li, Y., Wang, C., Cui, A., Deng, Z.: Preparation of cuprous oxide particles of different crystallinity. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 243, 85–89 (2001)
Ram, S., Mitra, C.: Formation of Stable Cu2O nanocrystals in a new orthorhombic crystal structure. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 304–306, 805–809 (2001)
El-Trass, A., ElShamy, H., El-Mehasseb, I., El-Kemary, M.: CuO nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, optical properties and interaction with amino acids. Appl. Surf. Sci. 258, 2997–3001 (2012)
Gao, W., Yang, S., Yang, S., Lv, L., Du, Y.: Synthesis and magnetic properties of Mn doped CuO nanowires. Phys. Lett. A 375, 180–182 (2010)
Gastev, S.V., Kaplyanskii, A.A., Sokolov, N.S.: Relaxed excitons in Cu2O. Solid State Commun. 42(5), 389–391 (1982)
Goto, T., Shen, M.Y., Koyama, S., Yokouchi, T.: Bose–Einstein statistics of rthoexcitons generated by two-photon resonant absorption in cuprous oxide. Phys. Rev. B 55, 7609–7614 (1997)
Gou, L., Murphy, C.J.: Solution-phase synthesis of Cu2O nanocubes. Nano Lett. 3(2), 231–234 (2003)
Herhold, A.B., Chen, C.C., Johnson, C.S., Tolbert, S.H., Alivisatos, A.P.: Structural transformations and metastability in semiconductor nanocrystals. Phase Transit. 68, 1–25 (1999)
Holland, T.J.B., Redfern, S.A.T.: Unit cell refinement from powder diffraction data: the use of regression diagnostics. Mineral. Mag. 61, 65–77 (1997)
Kaur, J., Tripathi, S.K.: Pb dopant induced changes in structural, optical and electrical properties of CdSe thin films. J. Alloys Compd. 622, 953–959 (2015)
Kaur, M., Muthe, K.P., Despande, S.K., Choudhury, S., Singh, J.B., Verma, N., Gupta, S.K., Yakhmi, J.V.: Growth and branching of CuO nanowires by thermal oxidation of copper. J. Cryst. Growth 289, 670–675 (2006)
Kole, A.K., Kumbhakar, P.: Effect of manganese doping on the photoluminescence characteristics of chemically synthesized zinc sulfide nanoparticles. Appl. Nanosci. 2, 15–23 (2012)
Kumar, R., Elgamiel, R., Diamant, Y., Gedanken, A., Norwig, J.: Sonochemical preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline copper oxide embedded in Poly(vinyl alcohol) and its effect on crystal growth of copper oxide. Langmuir 17, 1406–1410 (2001)
Majeed Khan, M.A., Wasi Khan, M., Alhoshan, M., Alsalhi, M.S., Aldwayyan, A.S.: Influences of Co doping on the structural and optical properties of ZnO nanostructured. Appl. Phys. A 100, 45–51 (2010)
Majeed Khan, M.A., Siwach, R., Kumar, S., Alhazaa, A.N.: Role of Fe doping in tuning photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 for photodegradation of methylene blue. Opt. Laser Technol. 118, 170–178 (2019a)
Majeed Khan, M.A., Khan, W., Kumar, A., Alhazaa, A.N.: Synthesis of nanosized Cu2O decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes and their superior catalytic activity. Colloids Surf. Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 581, 123933 (2019b)
Mallick, P., Sahu, S.: Structure, microstructure and optical absorption analysis of CuO nanoparticles synthesized by sol–gel route. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2(3), 71–74 (2012)
Mcfadyen, P., Matijevic, E.: Copper hydrous oxide sols of uniform particle shape and size. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 44(1), 95–106 (1973)
Muramatsu, A., Sugimoto, T.: Synthesis of uniform spherical Cu2O particles from condensed CuO suspensions. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 189(1), 167–173 (1997)
Musa, A.O., Akomolafe, T., Carter, M.: Production of cuprous oxide, a solar cell material, by thermal oxidation and a study of its physical and electrical properties. J. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 51, 305–316 (1998)
Nguyen, T.-D., Dinh, C.-T., Do, T.-O.: A general procedure to synthesize highly crystalline metal oxide and mixed oxide nanocrystals in aqueous medium and photocatalytic activity of metal/oxide nanohybrids. Nanoscale 3(4), 1861–1873 (2011)
Palkar, V.R., Ayyub, P., Chattopadhyay, S., Multani, M.: Size-induced structural transitions in the Cu-O and Ce-O systems. Phys. Rev. B 53(5), 2167–2170 (1996)
Park, J., Joo, J., Kwon, S.G., Jang, Y., Hyeon, T.: Synthesis of monodisperse spherical nanocrystals. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46(25), 4630–4660 (2007)
Peng, W.Q., Cong, G.W., Qu, S.C., Wang, Z.G.: Synthesis and photoluminescence of ZnS: Cu nanoparticles. Opt. Mater. 29, 313–317 (2006)
Ponyatovskil, E.G., Arosimova, G.E., Aronin, A.S., Kulakov, V.I., Sinitsyn, V.V.: Nanocrystalline Cu2O prepared under high pressures. Phys. Solid State 44(5), 852–856 (2002)
Qadri, S.B., Skelton, E.F., Hsu, D., Dinsmore, A.D., Yang, J., Gray, H.F., Ratna, B.R.: Size-induced transition-temperature reduction in nanoparticles of ZnS. Phys. Rev. B 60, 9191–9193 (1999)
Rehman, S., Mumtaz, A., Hasanain, S.K.: Size effects on the magnetic and optical properties of CuO nanoparticles. J. Nanoparticle Res. 13, 2497–2507 (2010)
Rockenberger, J., Scher, E.C., Alivisatos, A.P.: A new nonhydrolytic single-precursor approach to surfactant-capped nanocrystals of transition metal oxides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121(49), 11595–11596 (1999)
Saravanan, R.S.S., Pukazhselvan, D., Mahadevan, C.K.: Investigation on the synthesis and confinement effects of pure and Mn2+ added Zn (1–x) CdxS nanocrystals. J. Alloy. Compd. 509(10), 4065–4072 (2011a)
Saravanan, R.S.S., Pukazhselvan, D., Mahadevan, C.K.: Studies on the synthesis and characterization of Zn1−xCdxS and Zn1−xCdxS:Mn2+ semiconductor quantum dots. Philos. Mag. 91, 389–403 (2011b)
Saravanan, R.S.S., Pukazhselvan, D., Mahadevan, C.K.: Studies on the synthesis of cubic ZnS quantum dots, capping and optical–electrical characteristics. J. Alloy. Compd. 517, 139–148 (2012)
Saravanan, R.S.S., Meena, M., Pukazhselvan, D., Mahadevan, C.K.: Structural, optical and electrical characterization of Mn2+ and Cd2+ doped/co-doped PbS nanocrystals. J. Alloy. Compd. 627, 69–77 (2015)
Selloum, D., Henni, A., Karar, A., Tabchouche, A., Harfouche, N., Bacha, O., Tingry, S., Rosei, F.: Effects of Fe concentration on properties of ZnO nanostructures and their application to photocurrent generation. Solid State Sci. 92, 76–80 (2019)
Shannon, R.D.: Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Cryst. 32, 751–767 (1976)
Snoke, D.W., Wolfe, J.P., Mysyrowicz, A.: Evidence for Bose–Einstein condensation of excitons in Cu2O. Phys. Rev. B 41, 11171–11184 (1990)
Snoke, D.W., Braun, D., Cardona, M.: Carrier thermalization in Cu2O: phonon emission by excitons. Phys. Rev. B 44, 2991–3000 (1991)
Son, S.U., Park, I.K., Park, J., Hyeon, T.: Synthesis of Cu2O coated Cu nanoparticles and their successful applications to Ullmann-type amination coupling reactions of aryl chlorides. Chem. Commun. 7, 778–779 (2004)
Teja, A.S., Koh, P.-Y.: Synthesis, properties, and applications of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Prog. Cryst. Growth Charact. Mater. 55, 22–45 (2009)
Trebin, H.R., Cummins, H.Z., Birman, J.L.: Excitons in cuprous oxide under uniaxial stress. Phys. Rev. B 23, 597–606 (1981)
Vanheusden, K., Warren, W.L., Seager, C.H., Tallant, D.R., Voigt, J.A., Gnade, B.E.: Mechanisms behind green photoluminescence in ZnO phosphor powders. J. Appl. Phys. 79, 7983–7990 (1996)
Vassiliou, J.K., Mehrotra, V., Russell, M.W., Giannelis, E.P., McMichael, R.D., Shull, R.D., Ziolo, R.F.: Magnetic and optical properties of γ-Fe2O3 nanocrystals. J. Appl. Phys. 73, 5109–5116 (1993)
Vogel, R., Hoyer, P., Weller, H.: Quantum-sized PbS, CdS, Ag2S, Sb2S3, and Bi2S3 particles as sensitizers for various nanoporous wide-bandgap semiconductors. J. Phys. Chem. 98, 3183–3188 (1994)
Wang, F., Deng, R., Wang, J., Wang, Q., Han, Y., Zhu, H., Chen, X., Liu, X.: Tuning upconversion through energy migration in core-shell nanoparticles. Nat. Mater. 10, 968–973 (2011)
Willamson, G.K., Hal, W.H.: X-ray line broadening from filed aluminium and wolframL’elargissement des raies de rayons x obtenues des limailles d’aluminium et de tungstene Die verbreiterung der roentgeninterferenzlinien von aluminium- und wolframspaenen. Acta Metall. 1, 22–31 (1953)
Yang, Z., Chiang, C.-K., Chang, H.-T.: Synthesis of fluorescent and photovoltaic Cu2O nanocubes. Nanotechnology 19, 025604 (2008)
Yin, M., Wu Chun, K., Lou, Y., Burda, C., Koberstein, J.T., Zhu, Y., Brien, S.O.: Copper oxide nanocrystals. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 9506–9511 (2005)
Zhou, H., Yi, D., Yu, Z., Xiao, L., Li, J.: Preparation of aluminum doped zinc oxide films and the study of their microstructure, electrical and optical properties. Thin Solid Films 515, 6909–6914 (2007)
Acknowledgements
Not applicable.
Funding
No funding was received.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
KM: Conceptualization, formal analysis, data curation, investigation; VP: Conceptualization, Carrying out measurements; JT: Conceptualization, supervision, writing—Original draft, writing review & editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors of this study would like to declare no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
The experiments carried out in this study did not involve human tissue.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Mohanapandian, K., Ponnarasan, V. & Thirupathy, J. An investigation on structural, dielectric and optical properties of pure and Fe-doped CuO nanoparticles for optoelectronic device applications. Opt Quant Electron 56, 347 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05977-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05977-1