Skip to main content
Log in

Development of different characterizations of sprayed Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films: a review

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper investigates the deposition of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films using the spray pyrolysis (SPT) method. Different physical and chemical synthesis methods have been employed for the elaboration of CZTS thin films. SPT is a very simple, low-cost process that provides a high-purity product. Various researchers have studied the impact of precursor solution composition, substrate temperature, and other effects on the morphological, structural, electrical, and optical characteristics of CZTS thin films synthesized by spray pyrolysis. CZTS has been widely studied in optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, photodiodes, photoelectrochemical water splitting, and many others because of its fascinating properties and for its constituent elements that are abundantly present in the earth’s crust, environmentally friendly, and non-toxic. This study could disseminate information about the work done so far on CZTS thin films in various applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24
Fig. 25
Fig. 26

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abou-Helal, M., Seeber, W.: Preparation of TiO2 thin films by spray pyrolysis to be used as a photocatalyst. Appl. Surf. Sci 195, 53–62 (2002)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Alajlani, Y., Alaswad, A., Placido, F., Gibson, D., Diyaf, A.: Inorganic Thin Film materials for solar cell applications. In: Encyclopedia of Smart Materials, pp. 386–399. Elsevier (2018)

  • Arya, S.P., Hintermann, H.: Growth of Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting thin films by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Thin. Solid. Film. 193–194, 841–846 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • Badawy, W.A.: A review on solar cells from Si-single crystals to porous materials and quantum dots. J. Adv. Res. 6, 123–132 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagher, A.M.: Introduction to Organic Solar Cells. In: Sustainable Energy. pp. 85–90 (2014)

  • Balkenende, A.R., Bogaerts, A.A.M.B., Scholtz, J.J., Tijburg, R.R.M., Willems, H.X.: Thin MgO layers for effective hopping transport of electrons. Philips J. Res. 50, 365–373 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee, G., Das, S., Ghosh, S.: Optical properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) made by SILAR method. Mater. Today Proc. 18,:494–500 (2019)

  • Barir, R., Benhaoua, B., Benhamida, S., Rahal, A., Sahraoui, T., Gheriani, R.: Effect of precursor concentration on structural optical and electrical properties of NiO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis. J. Nanomater. 1–10 (2017)

  • Bhosale, S.M., Suryawanshi, M.P., Kim, J.H., Moholkar, A.V.: Influence of copper concentration on sprayed CZTS thin films deposited at high temperature. Ceram. Int. 41, 8299–8304 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bian, J.M., Li, X.M., Chen, T.L., Gao, X.D., Yu, W.D.: Preparation of high quality MgO thin films by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Appl. Surf. Sci 228, 297–301 (2004)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Boutebakh, F.Z., Beloucif, A., Aida, M.S., Chettah, A., Attaf, N.: Zinc molarity effect on Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film properties prepared by spray pyrolysis. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron 29, 4089–4095 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, K.T., Frost, J.M., Walsh, A.: Ferroelectric materials for solar energy conversion: photoferroics revisited. Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 838–848 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Calvet, I., Barrachina, E., Martí, R., Fraga, D., Lyubenova, T.S., Carda, J.B.: Synthesis, deposition and crystal growth of CZTS nanoparticles onto ceramic tiles. Boletín la. Soc. Española Cerámica y Vidr 54, 175–180 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chalapathi, U., Uthanna, S., Sundara Raja, V.: Growth of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films by a two-stage process—effect of incorporation of sulfur at the precursor stage. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 132, 476–484 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlin, R.R., Skarman, J.S.: Chemical spray deposition process for Inorganic Films. J. Electrochem. Soc. 113, 86 (1966)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chavda, A., Patel, B., Mukhopadhyay, P.M.I., Ray, A.: Synthesis and characterization of spray deposited CZTS thin films for photo-electrochemical application. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. p. 030044 (2018)

  • Chen, S., Gong, X.G., Walsh, A., Wei, S.-H.: Crystal and electronic band structure of Cu2ZnSnX4 (X = S and Se) photovoltaic absorbers: first-principles insights. Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 041903 (2009)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, S., Gong, X.G., Walsh, A., Wei, S.-H.: Defect physics of the kesterite thin-film solar cell absorber Cu2ZnSnS4 appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 021902 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C.H., Kelder, E.M., Jak, M.J.G., Schoonman, J.: Electrostatic spray deposition of thin layers of cathode materials for lithium battery. Solid State Ion. 86–88, 1301–1306 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Choudhury, S.P., Gunjal, S.D., Kumari, N., Diwate, K.D., Mohite, K.C., Bhattacharjee, A., et al.: Facile synthesis of SnO2 thin film by spray pyrolysis technique, investigation of the structural, opticlectrical properties. Mater. Today Proc. 3 pp. 1609–1619 (2016)

  • Courel, M., Andrade-Arvizu, J.A., Guillén-Cervantes, A., Nicolás-Marín, M.M., Pulgarín-Agudelo, F.A., Vigil-Galán, O.: Optimization of physical properties of spray-deposited Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films for solar cell applications. Mater. Des. 114, 515–520 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Deokate, R.J., Adsool, A.D., Shinde, N.S., Pawar, S.M., Lokhande, C.D.: Structural and optical properties of Spray-deposited Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films. Energy Proced. 54, 627–633 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Deyu, M.R.: Rapenne, Deschanvres, Klein, Jiménez, Bellet: SnO2 Films deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis: influence of Al incorporation on the properties. Molecules. 24, 2797 (2019)

  • Diwate, K., Mohite, K., Shinde, M., Rondiya, S., Pawbake, A., Date, A., Pathan, H., Jadkar, S.: Synthesis and characterization of chemical spray pyrolysed CZTS thin films for solar cell applications. Energy Proced. 110, 180–187 (2017)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Dundar, I., Krichevskaya, M., Katerski, A., Acik, I.O.: TiO2 thin films by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis as photocatalytic material for air purification. R Soc. Open. Sci. 6, 181578 (2019)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Falcony, C., Aguilar-Frutis, M., García-Hipólito, M.: Spray pyrolysis technique; High-K dielectric films and luminescent materials: a review. Micromachines 9, 414 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Farinella, M., Inguanta, R., Spanò, T., Livreri, P., Piazza, S., Sunseri, C.: Electrochemical deposition of CZTS thin films on flexible substrate. Energy Proced. 44, 105–110 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes, P.A., Salomé, P.M.P., da Cunha, A.F.: Study of polycrystalline Cu2ZnSnS4 films by Raman scattering. J. Alloy. Compd. 509, 7600–7606 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gour, K.S., Bhattacharyya, B., Singh, O.P., Yadav, A.K., Husale, S., Singh, V.N.: Nanostructured Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film for self-powered broadband photodetection. J. Alloys Compd. 735, 285–290 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, M.A., Dunlop, E.D., Levi, D.H., Hohl-Ebinger, J., Yoshita, M., Ho‐Baillie, A.W.Y.: Solar cell efficiency tables (version 54). Prog. Photovoltaics Res. Appl. 27, 565–575 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, M.A., Hishikawa, Y., Warta, W., Dunlop, E.D., Levi, D.H., Hohl-Ebinger, J., Ho‐Baillie, A.W.H.: Solar cell efficiency tables (version 50). Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 25, 668–676 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Guen, L., Glaunsinger, W.S.: Electrical, magnetic, and EPR studies of the quaternary chalcogenides Cu2AIIBIVX4 prepared by iodine transport. J. Solid State Chem. 35, 10–21 (1980)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, X., Lu, G., Chen, J.: Graphene-Based materials for photoanodes in Dye-Sensitized solar cells. Front. Energy. Res. 3, 1–15 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurav, K.V., Shin, S.W., Patil, U.M., Deshmukh, P.R., Suryawanshi, M.P., Agawane, G.L., Pawar, S.M., Patil, P.S., Lee, J.Y., Lokhande, C.D., Kim, J.H.: Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS)-based room temperature liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensor. Sens. Actuator. B Chem. 190, 408–413 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Henry, J., Mohanraj, K., Sivakumar, G.: Electrical and optical properties of CZTS thin films prepared by SILAR method. J. Asian Ceram. Soc 4, 81–84 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Holzwarth, U., Gibson, N.: The Scherrer equation versus the “Debye-Scherrer equation. Nat. Nanotechnol. 6, 534–534 (2011)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, S., Luo, W., Zou, Z.: Band positions and photoelectrochemical properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 46, 235108 (2013)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunge, Y.M., Mahadik, M.A., Patil, V.L., Pawar, A.R., Gadakh, S.R., Moholkar, A.V., Patil, P.S., Bhosale, C.H.: Visible light assisted photoelectrocatalytic degradation of sugarcane factory wastewater by sprayed CZTS thin films. J. Phys. Chem. Solid. 111, 176–181 (2017)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Isotta, E., Pugno, N.M., Scardi, P.: Nanostructured kesterite (Cu2ZnSnS4) for applications in thermoelectric devices. Powder Diffr. 34, S42–S47 (2019)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jabari-Seresht, R., Jahanshahi, M., Rashidi, A., Ghoreyshi, A.A.: Fabrication and evaluation of nonporous graphene by a unique spray pyrolysis method. Chem. Eng. Technol. 36, 1550–1558 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayawardena, K.D.G.I., Rozanski, L.J., Mills, C.A., Beliatis, M.J., Nismy, N.A., Silva, S.R.P.: ‘Inorganics-in-Organics’: recent developments and outlook for 4G polymer solar cells. Nanoscale 5, 8411 (2013)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamoun, N., Bouzouita, H., Rezig, B.: Fabrication and characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique. Thin. Solid Films 515, 5949–5952 (2007)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Katagiri, H., Sasaguchi, N., Hando, S., Hoshino, S., Ohashi, J., Yokota, T.: Preparation and evaluation of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films by sulfurization of E-B evaporated precursors. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 49, 407–414 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kate, R.S., Bulakhe, S.C., Deokate, R.J.: Effect of substrate temperature on Properties of Nickel Oxide (NiO) Thin Films by Spray Pyrolysis. J. Electron. Mater 48, 3220–3228 (2019)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Khare, A., Himmetoglu, B., Johnson, M., Norris, D.J., Cococcioni, M., Aydil, E.S.: Calculation of the lattice dynamics and raman spectra of copper zinc tin chalcogenides and comparison to experiments. J. Appl. Phys. 111, 083707 (2012)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, G.Y., Jo, W., Lee, K.D., Choi, H., Kim, J.Y., Shin, H.-Y., Nguyen, T.T.T., Yoon, S., Joo, B.S., Gu, M., Han, M.: Optical and surface probe investigation of secondary phases in Cu2ZnSnS4 films grown by electrochemical deposition. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 139, 10–18 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kishore Kumar, Y.B., Suresh Babu, G., Uday Bhaskar, P., Sundara Raja, V.: Preparation and characterization of spray-deposited Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 93, 1230–1237 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, Y.B.K., Bhaskar, P.U., Babu, G.S., Raja, V.S.: Effect of copper salt and thiourea concentrations on the formation of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films by spray pyrolysis. Phys. Status Sol. 207, 149–156 (2010)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, S., Kasubosula, B., Loorits, M., Raudoja, J., Mikli, V., Altosaar, M., Grossberg, M.: Synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell absorber material by Sol-gel method. Energy Proced. 102, 102–109 (2016)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, A.V., Park, N.-K., Kim, E.-T.: A simple chemical approach for the deposition of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films. Phys. Status sol. 211, 1857–1859 (2014)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumari, N., Patel, S.R., Gohel, J.V.: Optical and structural properties of ZnO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis for enhanced efficiency perovskite solar cell application. Opt. Quant. Electron 50, 180 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kush, P., Deori, K., Kumar, A., Deka, S.: Efficient hydrogen/oxygen evolution and photocatalytic dye degradation and reduction of aqueous cr(VI) by surfactant free hydrophilic Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 8098–8106 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Z., Ho, J.C.W., Lee, K.K., Zeng, X., Zhang, T., Wong, L.H., Lam, Y.M.: Environmentally friendly solution route to kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin films for solar cell applications. RSC Adv. 4, 26888–26894 (2014)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, M.-L., Huang, F.-Q., Chen, L.-D., Chen, I.-W.: A wide-band-gap p-type thermoelectric material based on quaternary chalcogenides of Cu2ZnSnS4 (Q = S,Se). Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 202103 (2009)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Malerba, C., Biccari, F., Ricardo, A., Valentini, C.L., Chierchia, M., Müller, R., Santoni, M., Esposito, A., Mangiapane, E., Scardi, P., Mittiga, P.: CZTS stoichiometry effects on the band gap energy. J. Alloy. Compd. 582, 528–534 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsushita, H., Ichikawa, T., Katsui, A.: Structural, thermodynamical and optical properties of Cu2-II-IV-VI4 quaternary compounds. J. Mater. Sci 40, 2003–2005 (2005)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mingsukang, M.A., Buraidah, M.H., Arof, A.K.: Third-Generation-Sensitized Solar Cells. In: Nanostructured Solar Cells. InTech (2017)

  • Moholkar, A.V., Shinde, S.S., Babar, A.R., Sim, K.-U., Kwon, Y., Rajpure, K.Y., Patil, P.S., Bhosale, C.H., Kim, J.H.: Development of CZTS thin films solar cells by pulsed laser deposition: influence of pulse repetition rate. Sol. Energy 85, 1354–1363 (2011)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura, M., Yamaguchi, K., Kimoto, Y., Yasaki, Y., Kato, T., Sugimoto, H.: Cd-Free Cu(in,Ga)(Se,S)2 thin-film solar cell with record efficiency of 23.35%. IEEE J. Photovolt. 9, 1863–1867 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakaruk, A., Sorrell, C.C.: Conceptual model for spray pyrolysis mechanism: fabrication and annealing of titania thin films. J. Coat. Technol. Res. 7, 665–676 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, T.H., Septina, W., Fujikawa, S., Jiang, F., Harada, T., Ikeda, S.: Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cells with 5.8% conversion efficiency obtained by a facile spray pyrolysis technique. RSC Adv. 5, 77565–77571 (2015)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Okuya, M., Prokudina, N.A., Mushika, K., Kaneko, S.: TiO2 thin films synthesized by the spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) technique. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 19, 903–906 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Özdal, T., Chtouki, T., Kavak, H., Figa, V., Guichaoua, D., Erguig, H., Mysliwiec, J., Sahraoui, B.: Effect of annealing temperature on morphology and optoelectronics properties of spin-coated CZTS thin films. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater 31, 89–99 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  • Patil, S.J., Bulakhe, R.N., Lokhande, C.D.: Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensing using spray deposited Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 117, 310–316 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Patro, B., Vijaylakshmi, S., Reddy, R.K., Sharma, P.: Microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystals for photovoltaic applications. Mater. Today Proc. 3, 2786–2794 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawar, B.S., Pawar, S.M., Shin, S.W., Choi, D.S., Park, C.J., Kolekar, S.S., Kim, J.H.: Effect of complexing agent on the properties of electrochemically deposited Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films. Appl. Surf. Sci 257, 1786–1791 (2010)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Perednis, D., Gauckler, L.J.: Thin ilm deposition using spray pyrolysis. J. Electro. 14, 103–111 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Perniu, D., Duta, M., Catrinoi, D., Toader, C., Gosman, M., Ienei, E., Duta, A.: ZnO thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique. In: 2008 International Semiconductor Conference. pp. 279–282. IEEE (2008)

  • Persson, C.: Electronic and optical properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4. J. Appl. Phys. 107, 053710 (2010)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pham, H.D., Yang, T.C., Jain, S.M., Wilson, G.J., Sonar, P.: Development of dopant-free organic hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells. Adv. Energy Mater 10, 1903326 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Prabeesh, P., Saritha, P., Selvam, I.P., Potty, S.N.: Fabrication of CZTS thin films by dip coating technique for solar cell applications. Mater. Res. Bull 86, 295–301 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajeshmon, V.G., Kartha, C.S., Vijayakumar, K.P., Sanjeeviraja, C., Abe, T., Kashiwaba, Y.: Role of precursor solution in controlling the opto-electronic properties of spray pyrolysed Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films. Sol. Energy 85, 249–255 (2011)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Rana, T.R., Shinde, N.M., Kim, J.: Novel chemical route for chemical bath deposition of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films with stacked precursor thin films. Mater. Lett 162, 40–43 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, S., Morankar, A., Verma, H., Goswami, P.: Emerging Photovoltaics: Organic, Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide, and Perovskite-Based Solar Cells. J. Appl. Chem. 1–12 (2016) 

  • Redinger, A., Berg, D.M., Dale, P.J., Siebentritt, S.: The consequences of kesterite equilibria for efficient solar cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc 133, 3320–3323 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Saga, T.: Advances in crystalline silicon solar cell technology for industrial mass production. NPG Asia Mater 2, 96–102 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarswat, P.K., Snure, M., Free, M.L., Tiwari, A.: CZTS thin films on transparent conducting electrodes by electrochemical technique. Thin Solid Films 520, 1694–1697 (2012)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawant, J.P., Pathan, H.M., Kale, R.B.: Photoelectrochemical Properties of Spray deposited Cu2ZnSnS4 photoelectrode: enhancement in photoconversion efficiency with film thickness. ES Energy Environ 10, 73–79 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, R., Acharya, A.D., Shrivastava, S.B., Shripathi, T., Ganesan, V.: Preparation and characterization of transparent NiO thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique. Optik (Stuttg) 125, 6751–6756 (2014)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, S., Jain, K.K., Sharma, A.: Solar cells: in research and applications—A. Rev. Mater Sci. Appl. 06, 1145–1155 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi, C., Shi, G., Chen, Z., Yang, P., Yao, M.: Deposition of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films by vacuum thermal evaporation from single quaternary compound source. Mater. Lett. 73, 89–91 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shinde, N.M., Deokate, R.J., Lokhande, C.D.: Properties of spray deposited Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 100, 12–16 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shockley, W., Queisser, H.J.: Detailed balance limit of efficiency of p-n junction solar cells. J. Appl. Phys 32, 510–519 (1961)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, F.: Elementary theory of the optical properties of solids. In: Solid State Phys. pp. 299–408 (1963)

  • Su, Z., Sun, K., Han, Z., Cui, H., Liu, F., Lai, Y., Li, J., Hao, X., Liu, Y., Green, M.A.: Fabrication of Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells with 5.1% efficiency via thermal decomposition and reaction using a non-toxic sol–gel route. J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 500–509 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Suryawanshi, M.P., Agawane, G.L., Bhosale, S.M., Shin, S.W., Patil, P.S., Kim, J.H., Moholkar, A.: V: CZTS based thin film solar cells: a status review. Mater. Technol 28, 98–109 (2013)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Swami, S.K., Chaturvedi, N., Kumar, A., Dutta, V.: Effect of deposition temperature on the structural and electrical properties of spray deposited kesterite (Cu2ZnSnS4) films. Sol. Energy 122, 508–516 (2015)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Swami, S.K., Kumar, A., Dutta, V.: Deposition of Kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films by spin coating technique for solar cell application. Energy Proced 33, 198–202 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Syafiq, U., Ataollahi, N., Scardi, P.: Progress in CZTS as hole transport layer in perovskite solar cell. Sol. Energy. 196, 399–408 (2020)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, K., Moritake, N., Oonuki, M., Uchiki, H.: Pre-Annealing of Precursors of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films prepared by Sol–Gel Sulfurizing Method. Jpn J. Appl. Phys. 47, 598–601 (2008)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, T., Nagatomo, T., Kawasaki, D., Nishio, M., Guo, Q., Wakahara, A., Yoshida, A., Ogawa, H.: Preparation of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films by hybrid sputtering. J. Phys. Chem. Solid 66, 1978–1981 (2005)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Thiruvenkadam, S., Jovina, D., Leo Rajesh, A.: The influence of deposition temperature in the photovoltaic properties of spray deposited CZTS thin films. Sol. Energy 106, 166–170 (2014)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Todorov, T., Kita, M., Carda, J., Escribano, P.: Cu2ZnSnS4 films deposited by a soft-chemistry method. Thin Solid Films 517, 2541–2544 (2009)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Trakhtenberg, L.I., Khatami, S.M.N., Gerasimov, G.N., Ilegbusi, O.J.: Effect of composition and morphology on sensor properties of aerosol deposited nanostructured ZnO+ In2O3 Films. Mater. Sci. Appl 06, 220–227 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ukoba, K.O., Eloka-Eboka, A.C., Inambao, F.L.: Review of nanostructured NiO thin film deposition using the spray pyrolysis technique. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev 82, 2900–2915 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Valle Rios, L.E., Neldner, K., Gurieva, G., Schorr, S.: Existence of off-stoichiometric single phase kesterite. J. Alloy. Compd. 657, 408–413 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanalakar, S.A., Agawane, G.L., Shin, S.W., Suryawanshi, M.P., Gurav, K.V., Jeon, K.S., Patil, P.S., Jeong, C.W., Kim, J.Y., Kim, J.H.: A review on pulsed laser deposited CZTS thin films for solar cell applications. J. Alloy. Compd 619, 109–121 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Visweswaran, S., Venkatachalapathy, R., Haris, M., Murugesan, R.: Characterization of MgO thin film prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using perfume atomizer. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 31, 14838–14850 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, K., Gunawan, O., Todorov, T., Shin, B., Chey, S.J., Bojarczuk, N.A., Mitzi, D., Guha, S.: Thermally evaporated Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells. Appl. Phys. Lett 97, 143508 (2010)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J., Li, S., Cai, J., Shen, B., Ren, Y., Qin, G.: Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films: facile and cost-effective preparation by RF-magnetron sputtering and texture control. J. Alloy. Compd 552, 418–422 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J., Yu, N., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Y., Fu, L., Zhang, P., Gao, L., Wu, Y.: Synthesis and performance of Cu2ZnSnS4 semiconductor as photocathode for solar water splitting. J. Alloy. Compd 688, 923–932 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Xia, Y., Chen, Z., Zhang, Z., Fang, X., Liang, G.: A nontoxic and low-cost hydrothermal route for synthesis of hierarchical Cu2ZnSnS4 particles. Nanoscale Res. Lett 9, 208 (2014)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan, C., Huang, J., Sun, K., Johnston, S., Zhang, Y., Sun, H., Pu, A., He, M., Liu, F., Eder, K., Yang, L., Cairney, J.M., Ekins-Daukes, N.J., Hameiri, Z., Stride, J.A., Chen, S., Green, M.A., Hao, X.: Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells with over 10% power conversion efficiency enabled by heterojunction heat treatment. Nat. Energy 3, 764–772 (2018)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, M., Ma, X., Jiang, Z., Li, Z., Liu, S., Lu, Y., Wang, S.: The Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell with high open circuit voltage. Phys. B Condens. Matter 509, 50–54 (2017)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yokoyama, D., Minegishi, T., Jimbo, K., Hisatomi, T., Ma, G., Katayama, M., Kubota, J., Katagiri, H., Domen, K.: H2 Evolution from Water on modified Cu2ZnSnS4 photoelectrode under Solar Light. Appl. Phys. Expr 3, 101202 (2010)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, X., Ren, A., Wang, F., Wang, C., Zhang, J., Wang, W., Wu, L., Li, W., Zeng, G., Feng, L.: Synthesis and Characterization of CZTS Thin Films by Sol-Gel Method without Sulfurization. Int. J. Photoenergy. 1–6 (2014) (2014)

  • Zhuk, S., Kushwaha, A., Wong, T.K.S., Masudy-Panah, S., Smirnov, A., Dalapati, G.K.: Critical review on sputter-deposited Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) based thin film photovoltaic technology focusing on device architecture and absorber quality on the solar cells performance. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 171, 239–252 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This research did not receive any specific funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

T. Chtouki: Conceptualization, Writing – original draft. M.A Hachimi: Writing – review & editing, writing and article final text corrections. A. Tarbi: Writing – review & editing. H. Erguig: Supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. Chtouki.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The authors of this paper have read and approved the final version before the submission.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Recent Advances of Advanced Functional Materials for Optics, Lasers and Photovoltaics Applications, Guest edited by Oksana Krupka, Anna Zawadzka, Hassane Erguig, Alexander Quant and Bouchta Sahraoui.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chtouki, T., Hachimi, M.A., Tarbi, A. et al. Development of different characterizations of sprayed Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films: a review. Opt Quant Electron 55, 342 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04548-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04548-8

Keywords

Navigation