Abstract
The study comprises the synthesis and characterization of CdSe quantum dots by the solvothermal method. The CdSe quantum dots are prepared by varying pH from 5 to10. The pH variation was done by the addition of the glacial acetic acid dropwise. The TEM characterization confirmed the average particle size as 9.65 nm. The average band gap, calculated using a Tauc plot, was obtained as 3.25 eV. The average crystallite size is confirmed by XRD as 6.93 nm. The pH 5 CdSe nanoparticles took the least time to degrade the dye water which was confirmed by UV–visible spectrophotometer.
Graphical abstract
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The authors have not used any third-party data or sources used in this manuscript.
References
Abdellah, M., et al.: Ultra long-lived radiative trap states in CdSe quantum dots. J. Phys. Chem. C 118(37), 21682–21686 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp506536h
Amiri, G.R., Fatahian, S., Mahmoudi, S.: Preparation and optical properties assessment of CdSe quantum dots. Mater. Sci. Appl. 04(02), 134–137 (2013). https://doi.org/10.4236/msa.2013.42015
Azpiroz, J.M., De Angelis, F.: Ligand induced spectral changes in CdSe quantum dots. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7(35), 19736–19745 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b05418
Ben Brahim, N., et al.: Thioglycerol-functionalized CdSe quantum dots detecting cadmium ions. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 220, 1346–1353 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.07.049
Bloom, B.P., Kiran, V., Varade, V., Naaman, R., Waldeck, D.H.: Spin selective charge transport through cysteine capped CdSe quantum dots. Nano Lett. 16(7), 4583–4589 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01880
Caram, J.R., et al.: Persistent interexcitonic quantum coherence in CdSe quantum dots. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5(1), 196–204 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/jz402336t
Caram, J.R., et al.: Exploring size and state dynamics in CdSe quantum dots using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. J. Chem. Phys. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4865832
Carvalho, M.S., et al.: Synthesis, optical characterization, and size distribution determination by curve resolution methods of water-soluble CdSe quantum dots. Mater. Res. 19(6), 1407–1416 (2016)
Choi, Y., Seol, M., Kim, W., Yong, K.: Chemical bath deposition of stoichiometric CdSe quantum dots for efficient quantum-dot-sensitized solar cell application. J. Phys. Chem. C 118(11), 5664–5670 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp411221q
Chu, M., Pan, X., Zhang, D., Wu, Q., Peng, J., Hai, W.: The therapeutic efficacy of CdTe and CdSe quantum dots for photothermal cancer therapy. Biomaterials 33(29), 7071–7083 (2012a). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.062
Chu, V.H., Lien Nghiem, T.H., Le, T.H., Vu, D.L., Tran, H.N., Lien Vu, T.K.: Synthesis and optical properties of water soluble CdSe/CdS quantum dots for biological applications. Adv. Nat. Sci. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. (2012). https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/3/2/025017
Davoodi, M., Davar, F., Mandani, S., Rezaei, B., Shalan, A.E.: CdSe quantum dot nanoparticles: synthesis and application in the development of molecularly imprinted polymer-based dual optical sensors. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 60(33), 12328–12342 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02124
Deshpande, M.P., Garg, N., Bhatt, S.V., Soni, B., Chaki, S.H.: Study on CdSe nanoparticles synthesized by chemical method. Adv. Mater. Res. 665, 267–282 (2013). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.665.267
Diroll, B.T., Murray, C.B.: High-temperature photoluminescence of CdSe/CdS core/shell nanoheterostructures. ACS Nano 8(6), 6466–6474 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/nn5021314
Dzhagan, V.M., et al.: The influence of pyridine ligand onto the structure and phonon spectra of CdSe nanocrystals. J. Appl. Phys. (2011). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3569741
Elward, J.M., Chakraborty, A.: Effect of dot size on exciton binding energy and electron-hole recombination probability in CdSe quantum dots. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 9(10), 4351–4359 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/ct400485s
Fan, X.B., et al.: Susceptible surface sulfide regulates catalytic activity of CdSe quantum dots for hydrogen photogeneration. Adv. Mater. 31(7), 1–7 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804872
Fernée, M.J., et al.: Spontaneous spectral diffusion in CdSe quantum dots. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 3(12), 1716–1720 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/jz300456h
Gao, B., Shen, C., Yuan, S., Yang, Y., Chen, G.: Synthesis of highly emissive CdSe quantum dots by aqueous precipitation method. J. Nanomater. 2013, 4–11 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/138526
Gao, Y., Yin, P.G.: Synthesis of cubic CdSe nanocrystals and their spectral properties. Nanomater. Nanotechnol. 7, 1–6 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1177/1847980417701747
Hines, D.A., Becker, M.A., Kamat, P.V.: Photoinduced surface oxidation and its effect on the pdf. J. Phys. Chem. (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp303659g
Hyeon-Deuk, K., Prezhdo, O.V.: Multiple exciton generation and recombination dynamics in small Si and CdSe quantum dots: an ab initio time-domain study. ACS Nano 6(2), 1239–1250 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/nn2038884
Kapatkar, P.S., Shettar, R.B., Kapatkar, S.B., Patil, N.R.: Synthesis, structural and optical investigation of CdSe semiconductor quantum dots. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 360(1), 012009 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/360/1/012009
Kashyout, A.B., Soliman, H.M.A., Fathy, M., Gomaa, E.A., Zidan, A.A.: CdSe quantum dots for solar cell devices. Int. J. Photoenergy (2012). https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/952610
Kauffer, F.A., Merlin, C., Balan, L., Schneider, R.: Incidence of the core composition on the stability, the ROS production and the toxicity of CdSe quantum dots. J. Hazard. Mater. 268, 246–255 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.01.029
Kilina, S., Velizhanin, K.A., Ivanov, S., Prezhdo, O.V., Tretiak, S.: Surface ligands increase photoexcitation relaxation rates in Cdse quantum dots. ACS Nano 6(7), 6515–6524 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/nn302371q
Leblanc, S.J., McClanahan, M.R., Jones, M., Moyer, P.J.: Enhancement of multiphoton emission from single CdSe quantum dots coupled to gold films. Nano Lett. 13(4), 1662–1669 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl400117h
Liu, Z., Chang, C., Zhang, W., Yang, M., Zhang, Q.: Research on ligand properties of CdSe quantum dots. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/562/1/012067
Luo, X., Liu, P., Truong, N.T.N., Farva, U., Park, C.: Photoluminescence blue-shift of CdSe nanoparticles caused by exchange of surface capping layer. J. Phys. Chem. C 115(43), 20817–20823 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp200701x
Mahmoud, W.E.: Functionalized ME-capped CdSe quantum dots based luminescence probe for detection of Ba2+ ions. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 164(1), 76–81 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.01.073
Mahmoud, W.E., Yaghmour, S.J.: Synthesis, characterization and luminescence properties of thiol-capped CdSe quantum dots at different processing conditions. Opt. Mater. (Amst) 35(3), 652–656 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2012.10.018
Mahmoud, W.E., Yaghmour, S.J., Al-Amri, A.M.: Enhancement of CdSe quantum dots luminescence by calcium ions. J. Lumin. 134(19), 429–431 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2012.08.007
Malik, P., Singh, J., Kakkar, R.: A review on CdSe quantum dots in sensing. Adv. Mater. Lett. 5(11), 612–628 (2014). https://doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2014.4562
Mirnajafizadeh, F., Ramsey, D., McAlpine, S., Wang, F., Stride, J.A.: Nanoparticles for bioapplications: study of the cytotoxicity of water dispersible CdSe(S) and CdSe(S)/ZnO quantum dots. Nanomaterials 9(3), 18–21 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9030465
Mohammed, K.A., AL-Kabbi, A.S., Zidan, K.M.: Synthesis and characterization of CdSe nanoparticles. AIP Conf. Proc. 2144, 1–9 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5123079
Mongin, C., Moroz, P., Zamkov, M., Castellano, F.N.: Thermally activated delayed photoluminescence from pyrenyl-functionalized CdSe quantum dots. Nat. Chem. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2906
Morelli, E., Cioni, P., Posarelli, M., Gabellieri, E.: Chemical stability of CdSe quantum dots in seawater and their effects on a marine microalga. Aquat. Toxicol. 122–123, 153–162 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.06.012
Morgan, D.P., Kelley, D.F.: What does the transient absorption spectrum of CdSe quantum dots measure? J. Phys. Chem. C 124(15), 8448–8455 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c02566
Mukhina, M.V., et al.: Molecular recognition of biomolecules by chiral CdSe quantum dots. Sci. Rep. 6(March), 2–7 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24177
Prachi Chopade, S.G., Jagtap, S.: Material Properties and Potential Applications of CdSe Semiconductor Nanocrystals. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2022)
Rabouw, F.T., et al.: Delayed exciton emission and its relation to blinking in CdSe quantum dots. Nano Lett. 15(11), 7718–7725 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03818
Raut, V.S., Lokhande, C.D., Killedar, V.V.: Studies on effect of pH on structural, optical and morphological properties of chemisynthesized CdSe grains. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. 10, 568–572 (2017)
Sadeghi, S., Khabbaz Abkenar, S., Ow-Yang, C.W., Nizamoglu, S.: Efficient white LEDs using liquid-state magic-sized CdSe quantum dots. Sci. Rep. 9(1), 1–9 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46581-2
Salem, A., et al.: Synthesis and characterization of CdSe nanoparticles via thermal treatment technique. Results Phys. 7, 1556–1562 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2017.04.026
Song, Y., Zhu, S., Yang, B.: Bioimaging based on fluorescent carbon dots. R. Soc. Chem. 2014, 27184–27200 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra47994c
Srivastava, P., Singh, K.: Synthesis of CdSe nanoparticles by solvothermal route: structural, optical and spectroscopic properties. Adv. Mater. Lett. 3(4), 340–344 (2012). https://doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2012.5341
Subila, K.B., Kumar, G.K., Shivaprasad, S.M., Thomas, K.G.: Luminescence properties of CdSe quantum dots: role of crystal structure and surface composition. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4, 2774–2779 (2013)
Surana, K., Singh, P.K., Rhee, H.W., Bhattacharya, B.: Synthesis, characterization and application of CdSe quantum dots. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 20(6), 4188–4193 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2014.01.019
Tian, J., et al.: Enhanced performance of CdS/CdSe quantum dot cosensitized solar cells via homogeneous distribution of quantum dots in TiO2 film. J. Phys. Chem. C 116(35), 18655–18662 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp3058838
Tohgha, U., et al.: Ligand induced circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence in CdSe quantum dots. ACS Nano 7(12), 11094–11102 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/nn404832f
Tripathi, G.K.: Synthesis of visible light active biocl photocatalyst for energy and environmental applications. Int. J. Environ. Eng. Manag. 3(June 2012), 167–170 (2015)
Tripathi, G.K., Sharma, I.D., Kant, C., Pandey, R.R., Saini, K.K., Kurchania, R.: Characterization of the photocatalytic activity of bismuth oxychloride nanostructures. Anal. Lett. 49(9), 1452–1466 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2015.1104324
Tripathi, G.K., Kurchania, R.: Photocatalytic behavior of BiOX (X = Cl/Br, Cl/I and Br/I) composites/heterogeneous nanostructures with organic dye. Opt. Quantum Electron. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-1042-3
Venci, X., George, A., Dhayal Raj, A., Albert Irudayaraj, A., Pazhanivel, T., Josephine, R.L., John Sundaram, S., et al.: Photocatalytic degradation effect of CdSe nanoparticles for textile wastewater effluents at low cost and proves to be efficient method. Environ. Res. 213, 113595 (2022)
Wang, T., et al.: Enhanced electrochemiluminescence of CdSe quantum dots composited with graphene oxide and chitosan for sensitive sensor. Biosens. Bioelectron. 31(1), 369–375 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2011.10.048
Zhang, H., et al.: Efficient CdSe quantum dot-sensitized solar cells prepared by a postsynthesis assembly approach. Chem. Commun. 48(91), 11235–11237 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cc36526j
Zuo, J., Jiang, T., Zhao, X., Xiong, X., Xiao, S., Zhu, Z.: Preparation and application of fluorescent carbon dots. J. Nanobiotechnol. 2015, 1–13 (2015)
Acknowledgements
School of Nanotechnology, UTD-RGPV, Bhopal; UGC-DAE Consortium, Indore; and MANIT, Bhopal are acknowledged for providing necessary institutional facilities and encouragement.
Funding
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors AS, GKT, PB, PKK, and PSK contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by AS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by AS and GKT, PB, PK and PSK commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors AS, GKT, PB, PK and PSK read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Ethical approval
All authors (Ambikesh Soni, Gagan Kant Tripathi, Priyavand Bundela, Pradeep Kumar Khiriya, and Purnima Swarup Khare) confirm this article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Recent Advances of Advanced Functional Materials for Optics, Lasers and Photovoltaics Applications.
Guest edited by Oksana Krupka, Anna Zawadzka, Hassane Erguig, Alexander Quant and Bouchta Sahraoui.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Soni, A., Tripathi, G.K., Bundela, P. et al. Synthesis and characterization of assorted pH CdSe quantum dots by solvo-thermal method to determine its dye-degradation application. Opt Quant Electron 55, 277 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04536-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04536-4