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Highly sensitive detection of infected red blood cells (IRBCs) with plasmodium falciparum using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) nanostructure

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Abstract

Plasmodium falciparum infections are the most common cause of malaria-related deaths. A significant difference between red blood cells with and without infection can be seen in their refractive indices, which can be used as a key indicator in the diagnosis of this disease. In this manuscript, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor is suggested theoretically for the detection of infected red blood cells (IRBCs) with Plasmodium Falciparum. The proposed SPR sensor has the configuration: BK7 prism/Ag/BiFeO3/2D-nanomaterials/analyte. The suggested SPR sensor has a (BiFeO3) layer located between the metal (Ag) and 2D-nanomaterials to realize higher sensitivity. BiFeO3 layer exhibits outstanding characteristics, such as high index of refraction and small loss and has shown a significant shift in resonance angle within a minute variation in the analyte’s refractive index. A variety of 2D materials, including MXene, Graphene, and Black Phosphor, are used to cover the surface of the SPR structure in order to develop the efficiency of the detector. The suggested detector can demonstrate an extremely high sensitivity of 461.43 deg/RIU by adjusting the thicknesses of Ag, BiFeO3, and the quantity of 2D-nanomaterial layers. The suggested SPR-based biosensor is hopeful for use in various sectors of biosensing due to its extraordinarily high sensitivity.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics Department, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, Palestine

    Malek G. Daher

  2. Physics Department, College of Arts and Sciences in Muhail Asir, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Youssef Trabelsi

  3. Photovoltaic and Semiconductor Materials Laboratory, National Engineering School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia

    Youssef Trabelsi

  4. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211004, India

    Y. K. Prajapati

  5. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, Assam, 788010, India

    Abinash Panda

  6. School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    Malek G. Daher & Naser M. Ahmed

  7. Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32951, Egypt

    Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed

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  1. Malek G. Daher
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  2. Youssef Trabelsi
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  3. Y. K. Prajapati
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  5. Naser M. Ahmed
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Contributions

Conceptualization, MGD; Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, MGD, YT, and YKP; Methodology, MGD, YT, and AP; Resources, Software, MGD,YT, and AP; Supervision, Validation, NMA and ANZR; Visualization, Writing-original draft, MGD and ANZR; Writing—review editing,

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Correspondence to Malek G. Daher.

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Daher, M.G., Trabelsi, Y., Prajapati, Y.K. et al. Highly sensitive detection of infected red blood cells (IRBCs) with plasmodium falciparum using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) nanostructure. Opt Quant Electron 55, 199 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04466-1

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