Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

ICES: an innovative crosstalk-efficient 2 × 2 photonic-crystal switch

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Crosstalk and insertion loss are the crucial determinants of ring resonated routers. A novel 2 × 2 optical switch is proposed through a combination of broadband waveguide crossing and X-shape photonic crystal ring resonators. The main goal of the proposed design is to demonstrate the switching wavelengths based on changing the refractive index and reduce the level of the crosstalk and insertion loss. The performance of the proposed structure is analyzed using two-dimensional finite difference time domain and plane-wave expansion methods. Results show that crosstalk noise and insertion loss can be significantly reduced by using optimized crossbar waveguide and novel structure with bending elimination, thereby allowing higher network scalability and better performance and utility for future many-core architectures. Maximum crosstalk and insertion loss of −37.41 and 0.3 dB are obtained at 1570.5 nm, respectively. The size of the proposed structure is 18.69 × 19.6 μm2, which can be used for photonic integrated circuits design due to its compactness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdollahi, M., Mohammadi, S.: Insertion loss-aware application mapping onto the optical cube-connected cycles architecture. Comput. Elect. Eng. 82, 106559 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abdollahi, M., Mohammadi, S.: Vulnerability assessment of fault-tolerant optical network-on-chips. J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 145, 140–159 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abdollahi, M., Tavana, MK., Koohi, S., Hessabi, S.: Onc3: All-optical noc based on cube-connected cycles with quasi-dor algorithm. In: 2012 15th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design, IEEE, pp 296–303 (2012)

  • Alipour-Banaei, H., Mehdizadeh, F., Serajmohammadi, S., Hassan, gholizadeh Kashtiban M.: A 2 × 4 all optical decoder switch based on photonic crystal ring resonators. J. Mod. Opt. 62(6), 430–434 (2015)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Almasian, M.R., Abedi, K.: Performance improvement of wavelength division multiplexing based on photonic crystal ring resonator. Optik 126(20), 2612–2615 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bianco, A., Cuda, D., Gaudino, R., Gavilanes, G., Neri, F., Petracca, M.: Scalability of optical interconnects based on microring resonators. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22(15), 1081–1083 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Biswas, U., Rakshit, JK., Das, J., Bharti, GK., Suthar, B., Amphawan, A., Najjar, M.: Design of an ultra-compact and highly-sensitive temperature sensor using photonic crystal based single micro-ring resonator and cascaded micro-ring resonator. SILICON (2020)

  • Briere, M., Girodias, B., Bouchebaba, Y., Nicolescu, G., Mieyeville, F., Gaffiot, F., O’Connor, I.: System level assessment of an optical noc in an mpsoc platform. In: 2007 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition, IEEE, pp 1–6 (2007)

  • Calo, G., Petruzzelli, V.: Wavelength routers for optical networks-on-chip using optimized photonic crystal ring resonators. IEEE Photon. J. 5(3), 7901011–7901011 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Calò, G., Petruzzelli, V.: Compact design of photonic crystal ring resonator 2 × 2 routers as building blocks for photonic network on chip. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 31(3), (2014)

  • Cerutti, I., Acmad, M., Reyes, R., Castoldi, P., Andriolli, N.: Scheduling in multi-wavelength ring-based optical networks-on-chip. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 10(4), 322–331 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chittamuru, S.V.R., Thakkar, I.G., Pasricha, S.: Hydra: Heterodyne crosstalk mitigation with double microring resonators and data encoding for photonic nocs. IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Syst. 26(1), 168–181 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, K.: Propagation of bessel-x pulses in a hybrid photonic crystal. J. Mod. Opt. 65(9), 1033–1039 (2018)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Darki, B.S., Granpayeh, N.: Improving the performance of a photonic crystal ring-resonator-based channel drop filter using particle swarm optimization method. Opt. Commun. 283(20), 4099–4103 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Dehghani, F., Mohammadi, S., Barekatain, B., Abdollahi, M.: Power loss analysis in thermally-tuned nanophotonic switch for on-chip interconnect. Nano Commun. Netw. 26, 100323 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Djavid, M., Ghaffari, A., Monifi, F., Abrishamian, M.S.: T-shaped channel-drop filters using photonic crystal ring resonators. Physica E Low Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 40(10), 3151–3154 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Duong, L.H., Yang, P., Wang, Z., Chang, Y.S., Xu, J., Wang, Z., Chen, X.: Crosstalk noise reduction through adaptive power control in inter/intra-chip optical networks. IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integ. Circ. Syst. 38(1), 43–56 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geng, M., Tang, Z., Chang, K., Huang, X., Zheng, J.: N-port strictly non-blocking optical router based on mach-zehnder optical switch for photonic networks-on-chip. Opt. Commun. 383, 472–477 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kannaiyan, V., Dhamodharan, S.K., Savarimuthu, R.: Investigation on modified quasi-square pcrr based demultiplexer for wdm applications. Opt. Quant. Elect. 48(8), 1–12 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koohi, S., Abdollahi, M., Hessabi, S.: All-optical wavelength-routed noc based on a novel hierarchical topology. In: Proceedings of the Fifth ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Networks-on-Chip (NOCS), IEEE, pp 97–104 (2011)

  • Lee, J.H., Kim, M.S., Han, T.H.: Insertion loss-aware routing analysis and optimization for a fat-tree-based optical network-on-chip. IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circ. Syst. 37(3), 559–572 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Z., Qouneh, A., Joshi, M., Zhang, W., Fu, X., Li, T.: Aurora: A cross-layer solution for thermally resilient photonic network-on-chip. IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst. 23(1), 170–183 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu, J., Ren, H., Guo, S., Wu, Z., Qin, Y., Hu, W., Jiang, C.: Wavelength routers with low crosstalk using photonic crystal point defect micro-cavities. Optik 127(6), 3235–3242 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, Z., Ogusu, K.: Channel drop filters using photonic crystal fabry-perot resonators. Opt. Commun. 284(5), 1192–1196 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahmoud, M.Y., Bassou, G., de Fornel, F., Taalbi, A.: Channel drop filter for cwdm systems. Opt. Commun. 306, 179–184 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahmoud, M.Y., Bassou, G., Taalbi, A.: A new optical add-drop filter based on two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator. Optik Int. J. Light Elect. Opt. 124(17), 2864–2867 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naghizade, S., Sattari-Esfahlan, S.: An optical five channel demultiplexer-based simple photonic crystal ring resonator for wdm applications. J. Opt. Commun. 41(1), 37–43 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Naghizade, S., Sattari-Esfahlan, S.: Tunable high performance 16-channel demultiplexer on 2d photonic crystal ring resonator operating at telecom wavelengths. J. Opt. Commun. 41(3), 249–256 (2020)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nezhadi, A., Koohi, S.: Omux: Optical multicast and unicast-capable interconnection network for data centers. Opt. Switch. Netw. 33, 1–12 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pirzadi, M., Mir, A., Bodaghi, D.: Realization of ultra-accurate and compact all-optical photonic crystal or logic gate. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 28(21), 2387–2390 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Radhouene, M., Najjar, M., Chhipa, M.K., Robinson, S., Suthar, B.: Design and analysis a thermo-optic switch based on photonic crystal ring resonator. Optik 172, 924–929 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajasekar, R., Jayabarathan, J.K., Robinson, S.: Nano-optical filter based on multicavity coupled photonic crystal ring resonator. Physica E Low Dimen. Syst. Nanostruct. 114, 113591 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajasekar, R., Parameshwari, K., Robinson, S.: Nano-optical switch based on photonic crystal ring resonator. Plasmonics 14(6), 1687–1697 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramini, L., Grani, P., Bartolini, S., Bertozzi, D.: Contrasting wavelength-routed optical noc topologies for power-efficient 3d-stacked multicore processors using physical-layer analysis. In: 2013 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), IEEE, pp 1589–1594 (2013)

  • Reza, A., Sarbazi-Azad, H., Khademzadeh, A., Shabani, H., Niazmand, B.: A loss aware scalable topology for photonic on chip interconnection networks. J. Supercomput. 68(1), 106–135 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rsoft optical software solutions, synopsys inc. (2015) http://optics.synopsys.com/rsoft/

  • Sathyadevaki, R., Sridarshini, T., Raja, A.S., et al.: Photonic crystal based routers for photonic integrated on chip networks: a brief analysis. Opt. Quant. Elect. 50(11), 383 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sathyadevaki, R., Sundar, D.S., Raja, A.S.: Photonic crystal 4 × 4 dynamic hitless routers for integrated photonic nocs. Photon. Netw. Commun. 36(1), 82–95 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, N., Roy, KC.: Dual ring resonator based 3d-photonic crystal for add drop filter using fdtd-least square technique. Wireless Personal Commun. 115, 1–13 (2020)

  • Tinati, M., Karimi, R., Koohi, S., Hessabi, S.: Topology exploration of a thermally resilient wavelength-based onoc. J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 100, 140–156 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Urbonas, D., Balčytis, A., Vaškevičius, K., Gabalis, M., Petruškevičius, R.: Air and dielectric bands photonic crystal microringresonator for refractive index sensing. Opt. Lett. 41(15), 3655–3658 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaškevičius, K., Gabalis, M., Urbonas, D., Balčytis, A., Petruškevičius, R., Juodkazis, S.: Enhanced sensitivity and measurement range soi microring resonator with integrated one-dimensional photonic crystal. JOSA B 34(4), 750–755 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Velha, P., Cerutti, I., Andriolli, N.: Crosstalk and ber performance of closely-spaced silicon-on-insulator waveguide arrays. Opt. Commun. 437, 214–218 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Y., Chen, K., Gu, H., Zhang, B., Zhu, L.: Taonoc: A regular passive optical network-on-chip architecture based on comb switches. IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst. 27(4), 954–963 (2018)

  • Ye, Y., Zhang, W., Liu, W.: Thermal-aware design and simulation approach for optical nocs. IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circ. Syst. 39, 2384−2395 (2019)

  • Zhang, C., Zhang, M., Xie, Y., Shi, Y., Kumar, R., Panepucci, R.R., Dai, D.: Wavelength-selective 2 × 2 optical switch based on a ge 2 sb 2 te 5-assisted microring. Photon. Res. 8(7), 1171–1176 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J., Liu, H., Ding, Y., Wang, Y.: A novel photonic crystal ring resonator configuration for add/drop filtering. Photon. Nanostruct. Fundmen. Appl. 30, 14–19 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J., Liu, H., Ding, Y., Wang, Y.: A novel photonic crystal ring resonator configuration for add/drop filtering. Photon. Nanostruct. Fundamentals Appl. 30, 14–19 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, T., Jia, H.: Method to optimize optical switch topology for photonic network-on-chip. Opt. Commun. 413, 230–235 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Computer Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

    Fatemeh Dehghani, Siamak Mohammadi & Behrang Barekatain

  2. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Siamak Mohammadi & Meisam Abdollahi

  3. Big Data Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

    Behrang Barekatain

Authors
  1. Fatemeh Dehghani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Siamak Mohammadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Behrang Barekatain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Meisam Abdollahi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Siamak Mohammadi.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Dehghani, F., Mohammadi, S., Barekatain, B. et al. ICES: an innovative crosstalk-efficient 2 × 2 photonic-crystal switch. Opt Quant Electron 53, 234 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02881-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02881-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation