Abstract
In this paper, a polarization filter based on hybrid silver-graphene coated pentagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) is proposed. The finite element method is used to analyse the confinement loss characteristics of the proposed PCF. The proposed PCF based filter selects the desired X-polarization mode with a low confinement loss of 0.12 dB/cm and 0.59 dB/cm and rejects the unwanted Y-polarization mode with a very high confinement loss of 361.26 dB/cm and 1508.37 dB/cm at the mostly used wavelengths of 1.31 μm and 1.55 μm for optical communication. The proposed PCF with a length of 300 μm achieves the cross-talk of 216.68 dB and 904.67 dB at 1.31 μm and 1.55 μm. It also accomplishes a broad spectral width of 816 nm with the cross-talk value greater than 20 dB. The influence of the structural parameters of the proposed PCF is studied. The fabrication feasibility of the proposed PCF is also investigated. The proposed PCF based polarization filter will be an inevitable candidate for the integrated optical system.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alharbi, R., Irannejad, M., Yavuz, M.: A short review on the role of the metal-graphene hybrid nanostructure in promoting the localized surface plasmon resonance sensor performance. Sensors 19, 862 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040862
Bruna, M., Borini, S.: Optical constants of graphene layers in the visible range. Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 031901 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3073717
Burstein, E., Chen, W.P., Chen, Y.J., Hartstein, A.: Surface polaritons—propagating electromagnetic modes at interfaces. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 11, 1004–1019 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1318673
Chen, K., Zhou, X., Cheng, X., et al.: Graphene photonic crystal fibre with strong and tunable light–matter interaction. Nat. Photon. 13, 754–759 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-019-0492-5
Dou, C., Jing, X., Li, S., et al.: Low-loss polarization filter at 1.55 μm based on photonic crystal fiber. Optik 162, 214–219 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.02.044
Feng, X., Du, H., Li, S., et al.: A broadband core shift polarization filter based on photonic crystal fiber with a big gold-coated air hole. Opt. Quantum Electron. 49, 235 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-1074-8
Guo, Y., Li, J., Li, S., et al.: Broadband single-polarization filter of D-shaped photonic crystal fiber with a micro-opening based on surface plasmon resonance. Appl. Opt. 57, 8016–8022 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.008016
Johnson, P.B., Christy, R.W.: Optical constants of the noble metals. Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370–4379 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.6.4370
Lee, H.C., Liu, W.-W., Chai, S.-P., et al.: Review of the synthesis, transfer, characterization and growth mechanisms of single and multilayer graphene. RSC Adv. 7, 15644–15693 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA00392G
Li, T., Zhu, L., Yang, X., et al.: A refractive index sensor based on H-shaped photonic crystal fibers coated with Ag-graphene layers. Sensors 20, 741 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030741
Liang, H.-Q., Liu, B., Hu, J.-F.: An ultra-highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor based on D-shaped optical fiber with a silver-graphene layer. Optik 149, 149–154 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.09.045
Liu, C., Wang, L., Wang, F., et al.: Tunable single-polarization bimetal-coated and liquid-filled photonic crystal fiber filter based on surface plasmon resonance. Appl. Opt. 58, 6308–6314 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.006308
Lu, X., Chang, M., Chen, N., et al.: Design of a metal-filled photonic-crystal fiber polarization filter based on surface plasmon resonance at 1.31 and 1.55 μm. IEEE Photon. J. 10, 1–13 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2018.2873228
Russell, P.S.: Photonic-crystal fibers. J Light Technol 24, 4729–4749 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2006.885258
Sohn, I.-B., Kim, Y.-S., Noh, Y.-C., et al.: Microstructuring of optical fibers using a femttaosecond laser. J. Opt. Soc. Korea 13, 33–36 (2009). https://doi.org/10.3807/JOSK.2009.13.1.033
Tu, Z., Liu, Z., Li, Y., et al.: Controllable growth of 1–7 layers of graphene by chemical vapour deposition. Carbon 73, 252–258 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.02.061
Wang, X., Li, S., Liu, Q., et al.: Design of a single-polarization single-mode photonic crystal fiber filter based on surface plasmon resonance. Plasmonics 12, 1325–1330 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-016-0390-3
Wu, J., Li, S., Dou, C., Liu, Q.: A high extinction and wide bandwidth polarization filter based on surface plasmon resonance. Opt. Quantum Electron. 50, 16 (2018a). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-1271-5
Wu, J., Li, S., Jing, X., et al.: Elliptical photonic crystal fiber polarization filter combined with surface plasmon resonance. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30, 1368–1371 (2018b). https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2018.2845459
Yan, X., Guo, Z., Cheng, T., Li, S.: A novel gold-coated PCF polarization filter based on surface plasmon resonance. Opt. Laser Technol. 126, 106125 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106125
Yang, X., Lu, Y., Liu, B., Yao, J.: Design of a tunable single-polarization photonic crystal fiber filter with silver-coated and liquid-filled air holes. IEEE Photon. J. 9, 1–8 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2017.2720590
Yang, X., Lu, Y., Liu, B., Yao, J.: Polarization characteristics of high-birefringence photonic crystal fiber selectively coated with silver layers. Plasmonics 13, 1035–1042 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-017-0602-5
Ye, S., Huang, H., Yuan, C., et al.: Thickness-dependent strain effect on the deformation of the graphene-encapsulated Au nanoparticles. J. Nanomater 2014, 1–6 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/989672
Zhang, Z., Shi, Y., Bian, B., Lu, J.: Dependence of leaky mode coupling on loss in photonic crystal fiber with hybrid cladding. Opt. Express 16, 1915–1922 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.001915
Acknowledgements
Lavanya A. is grateful to Anna University, Chennai, India, for Anna Centenary Research Fellowship (CFR/ACRF-2020), which supported her to carry out this research work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lavanya, A., Geetha, G. Broadband polarization filter based on hybrid silver-graphene coated pentagonal photonic crystal fiber. Opt Quant Electron 53, 117 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02767-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02767-5