Abstract
In this paper we theoretically propose combining optical waveguides with nonlinear photonic crystal based ring resonators for realizing an all optical 4–2 encoder. Nonlinear resonant rings are constructed from GaAs as the material used for dielectric rods. By application of optical beam to input ports of the structure the on/off states are realized and the resulting truth table confirms functionality of proposed device. The switching threshold and time delay of the device are about 1 kW/µm2 and 1 ps, respectively. The normalized power at the output ports for all the ports in ON states is the same and equal to 60%.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alipour-Banaei, H., Mehdizadeh, F.: Bandgap calculation of 2D hexagonal photonic crystal structures based on regression analysis. J. Opt. Commun. (2013a). doi:10.1515/joc-2013-0033
Alipour-Banaei, H., Mehdizadeh, F.: Significant role of photonic crystal resonant cavities in WDM and DWDM communication tunable filters. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 124, 2639–2644 (2013b). doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2012.07.029
Alipour-Banaei, H., Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban, M., Mehdizadeh, F.: WDM and DWDM optical filter based on 2D photonic crystal Thue–Morse structure. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 124, 4416–4420 (2013a). doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2013.03.027
Alipour-Banaei, H., Mehdizadeh, F., Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban, M.: A novel proposal for all optical PhC-based demultiplexers suitable for DWDM applications. Opt. Quantum Electron. 45, 1063–1075 (2013b). doi:10.1007/s11082-013-9717-x
Alipour-Banaei, H., Mehdizadeh, F., Serajmohammadi, S.: A novel 4-channel demultiplexer based on photonic crystal ring resonators. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 124, 5964–5967 (2013c). doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2013.04.117
Alipour-Banaei, H., Jahanara, M., Mehdizadeh, F.: T-shaped channel drop filter based on photonic crystal ring resonator. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 125, 5348–5351 (2014a). doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.06.056
Alipour-Banaei, H., Mehdizadeh, F., Serajmohammadi, S., Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban, M.: A 2*4 all optical decoder switch based on photonic crystal ring resonators. J. Mod. Opt. 62, 430–434 (2014b). doi:10.1080/09500340.2014.957743
Alipour-Banaei, H., Serajmohammadi, S., Mehdizadeh, F.: Optical wavelength demultiplexer based on photonic crystal ring resonators. Photonic Netw. Commun. 29, 146–150 (2014c). doi:10.1007/s11107-014-0483-x
Alipour-Banaei, H., Serajmohammadi, S., Mehdizadeh, F.: All optical NOR and NAND gate based on nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 125, 5701–5704 (2014d). doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.06.013
Alipour-Banaei, H., Serajmohammadi, S., Mehdizadeh, F., Andalib, A.: Band gap properties of two-dimensional photonic crystal structures with rectangular lattice. J. Opt. Commun. (2015). doi:10.1515/joc-2014-0049
Alipour-Banaei, H., Rabati, M.G., Abdollahzadeh-Badelbou, P., Mehdizadeh, F.: Application of self-collimated beams to realization of all optical photonic crystal encoder. Phys. E Low Dimens. Syst. Nanostructures 75, 77–85 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.physe.2015.08.011
Bao, J., Xiao, J., Fan, L., Li, X., Hai, Y., Zhang, T., et al.: All-optical NOR and NAND gates based on photonic crystal ring resonator. Opt. Commun. 329, 109–112 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2014.04.076
Djavid, M., Ghaffari, A., Monifi, F., Abrishamian, M.S.: T-shaped channel-drop filters using photonic crystal ring resonators. Phys. E Low Dimens. Syst. Nanostructures 40, 3151–3154 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.physe.2008.05.002
Ghadrdan, M., Mansouri-Birjandi, M.A.: Concurrent implementation of all-optical half-adder and AND & XOR logic gates based on nonlinear photonic crystal. Opt. Quantum Electron. 45, 1027–1036 (2013). doi:10.1007/s11082-013-9713-1
Goudarzi, K., Mir, A., Chaharmahali, I., Goudarzi, D.: All-optical XOR and OR logic gates based on line and point defects in 2-D photonic crystal. Opt. Laser Technol. 78, 139–142 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2015.10.013
Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban, M., Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, R., Alipour-Banaei, H.: A novel all optical reversible 4 × 2 encoder based on photonic crystals. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 126, 2368–2372 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.05.140
Husko, C., Vo, T.D., Corcoran, B., Li, J., Krauss, T.F., Eggleton, B.J.: Ultracompact all-optical XOR logic gate in a slow-light silicon photonic crystal waveguide. Opt. Express 19, 20681–20690 (2011). doi:10.1364/OE.19.020681
Joannopoulos, J.D., Johnson, S.G., Winn, J.N., Meade, R.D.: Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light, 2nd edn. Princeton University Press (2011). https://books.google.com/books?id=owhE36qiTP8C&pgis=1. Accessed 22 Nov 2015
John, S.: Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices. Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2486–2489 (1987). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.2486
Khorshidahmad, A., Kirk, A.G.: Composite superprism photonic crystal demultiplexer: analysis and design. Opt. Express 18, 20518–20528 (2010). doi:10.1364/OE.18.020518
Liu, D., Gao, Y., Tong, A., Hu, S.: Absolute photonic band gap in 2D honeycomb annular photonic crystals. Phys. Lett. A 379, 214–217 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2014.11.030
Liu, Y., Qin, F., Meng, Z.-M., Zhou, F., Mao, Q.-H., Li, Z.-Y.: All-optical logic gates based on two-dimensional low-refractive-index nonlinear photonic crystal slabs. Opt. Express 19, 1945–1953 (2011). doi:10.1364/OE.19.001945
Mehdizadeh, F., Alipour-Banaei, H., Serajmohammadi, S.: Channel-drop filter based on a photonic crystal ring resonator. J. Opt. 15, 075401 (2013). doi:10.1088/2040-8978/15/7/075401
Mehdizadeh, F., Soroosh, M.: A new proposal for eight-channel optical demultiplexer based on photonic crystal resonant cavities. Photonic Netw. Commun. 31, 65–70 (2016). doi:10.1007/s11107-015-0531-1
Mehdizadeh, F., Soroosh, M., Alipour-Banaei, H.: A novel proposal for optical decoder switch based on photonic crystal ring resonators. Opt. Quantum Electron. 48, 20 (2015). doi:10.1007/s11082-015-0313-0
Mehdizadeh, F., Soroosh, M., Alipour-Banaei, H.: An optical demultiplexer based on photonic crystal ring resonators. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 127, 8706–8709 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.06.086
Notomi, M., Shinya, A., Mitsugi, S., Kira, G., Kuramochi, E., Tanabe, T.: Optical bistable switching action of Si high-Q photonic-crystal nanocavities. Opt. Express 13, 2678 (2005). doi:10.1364/OPEX.13.002678
Rani, P., Kalra, Y., Sinha, R.K.: Design of all optical logic gates in photonic crystal waveguides. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 126, 950–955 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.03.003
Rawal, S., Sinha, R.K.: Design, analysis and optimization of silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal dual band wavelength demultiplexer. Opt. Commun. 282, 3889–3894 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2009.06.046
Ren, C., Wang, P., Cheng, L., Feng, S., Gan, L., Li, Z.: Multichannel W3 Y-branch filter in a two dimensional triangular-lattice photonic crystal slab. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 125, 7203–7206 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.07.139
Rezaee, S., Zavvari, M., Alipour-Banaei, H.: A novel optical filter based on H-shape photonic crystal ring resonators. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 126, 2535–2538 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.06.043
Robinson, S., Nakkeeran, R.: Two dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator based add drop filter for CWDM systems. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 124, 3430–3435 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2012.10.038
Rostami, A., Banaei, H.A., Nazari, F., Bahrami, A.: An ultra compact photonic crystal wavelength division demultiplexer using resonance cavities in a modified branch structure. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 122, 1481–1485 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2010.05.036
Saidani, N., Belhadj, W., AbdelMalek, F.: Novel all-optical logic gates based photonic crystal waveguide using self imaging phenomena. Opt. Quantum Electron. 47, 1829–1846 (2014). doi:10.1007/s11082-014-0047-4
Seif Dargahi, H., Zavvari, M., Alipour-Banaei, H.: Very compact photonic crystal resonant cavity for all optical filtering. J. Theor. Appl. Phys. 8(4), 183–188 (2014). doi:10.1007/s40094-014-0147-3
Selim, R., Pinto, D., Obayya, S.S.A.: Novel fast photonic crystal multiplexer-demultiplexer switches. Opt. Quantum Electron. 42, 425–433 (2011). doi:10.1007/s11082-011-9438-y
Serajmohammadi, S., Alipour-Banaei, H., Mehdizadeh, F.: All optical decoder switch based on photonic crystal ring resonators. Opt. Quantum Electron. 47, 1109–1115 (2014). doi:10.1007/s11082-014-9967-2
Soroosh, M., Alipour-Banaei, H., Mehdizadeh, F.: A proposal for 4-to-2 optical encoder based on photonic crystals. IET Optoelectron. (2016). doi:10.1049/iet-opt.2016.0022
Wang, T., Li, Q., Gao, D.: Ultrafast polarization optical switch constructed from one-dimensional photonic crystal and its performance analysis. Chin. Sci. Bull. 54, 3663–3669 (2009). doi:10.1007/s11434-009-0403-0
Yanik, M.F., Fan, S., Soljačić, M., Joannopoulos, J.D.: All-optical transistor action with bistable switching in a photonic crystal cross-waveguide geometry. Opt. Lett. 28, 2506 (2003). doi:10.1364/OL.28.002506
Zavvari, M., Mehdizadeh, F.: Photonic crystal cavity with L3-defect for resonant optical filtering. Frequenz 68, 519–523 (2014). doi:10.1515/freq-2014-0069
Zhang, X., Liao, Q., Yu, T., Liu, N., Huang, Y.: Novel ultracompact wavelength division demultiplexer based on photonic band gap. Opt. Commun. 285, 274–276 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2011.10.001
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gholamnejad, S., Zavvari, M. Design and analysis of all-optical 4–2 binary encoder based on photonic crystal. Opt Quant Electron 49, 302 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-1144-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-1144-y