Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Enhanced light extraction with silicon nanoantenna arrays for white light LED applications

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

High conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency is essential for the phosphor in an efficient phosphor-based white light LEDs. Here, based on the coherent harmonic and the random independent emitter model, we demonstrate theoretically that the silicon nanoantenna array can dramatically enhance the output power of emitters in a phosphor layer by investigating the far-field radiation enhancement of an electric dipole assisted by silicon nanopillars in a waveguide structure. Compared with the plasmonic silver nanoantenna array, the silicon nanoantenna array can increase the enhancement factor of light extraction efficiency (LEE) over 50% for the dipole source at the wavelength of 620 nm, thus showing potential applications in white light LEDs. The enhanced LEE is ascribed to the low-loss directional light scattering of silicon nanoantennas and the strong guided mode resonances caused by their array. The calculation results also indicate that the far-field radiation can be tailored significantly by changing the aspect ratio of silicon nanopillars while presenting a good directivity. Our research is expected to give more insights into the design and optimization of the solid-state lighting, gaining and lasing systems by integrating silicon-based nanoantennas.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bicanic, K.T., Li, X., Sabatini, R.P., Hossain, N., Wang, C.F., Fan, F., Liang, H., Hoogland, S., Sargent, E.H.: Design of phosphor white light systems for high power applications. ACS Photonics 3(12), 2243–2248 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caldarola, M., Albella, P., Cortés, E., Rahmani, M., Roschuk, T., Grinblat, G., Oulton, R.F., Bragas, A.V., Maier, S.A.: Non-plasmonic nanoantennas for surface enhanced spectroscopies with ultra-low heat conversion. Nat. Commun. 6, 7915 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, J., Park, J.H., Kim, J.K., Schubert, E.F.: White light-emitting diodes: history, progress, and future. Laser Photonics Rev. 1600147 (2017)

  • Ding, P., He, J., Wang, J., Fan, C., Liang, E.: Electromagnetically induced transparency in all-dielectric metamaterial-waveguide system. Appl. Opt. 54(12), 3708–3714 (2015a)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ding, P., Li, M., He, J., Wang, J., Fan, C., Zeng, F.: Guided mode caused by silicon nanopillar array for light emission enhancement in color-converting LED. Opt. Express 23(16), 21477–21489 (2015b)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu, Y.H., Kuznetsov, A.I., Miroshnichenko, A.E., Yu, Y.F., Luk’yanchuk, B.: Directional visible light scattering by silicon nanoparticles. Nat. Commun. 4, 1527 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganesh, N., Zhang, W., Mathias, P.C., Chow, E., Soares, J., Malyarchuk, V., Smith, A.D., Cunningham, B.T.: Enhanced fluorescence emission from quantum dots on a photonic crystal surface. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2(8), 515–520 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganesh, N., Block, I.D., Mathias, P.C., Zhang, W., Chow, E., Malyarchuk, V., Cunningham, B.T.: Leaky-mode assisted fluorescence extraction: application to fluorescence enhancement biosensors. Opt. Express 16(26), 21626–21640 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, K., Lozano, G., Verschuuren, M.A., Rivas, J.G.: Control of the external photoluminescent quantum yield of emitters coupled to nanoantenna phased arrays. J. Appl. Phys. 118(7), 073103 (2015a)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, R., Derom, S., Väkeväinen, A., van Dijk-Moes, R., Liljeroth, P., Vanmaekelbergh, D., Törmä, P.: Controlling quantum dot emission by plasmonic nanoarrays. Opt. Express 23(22), 28206–28215 (2015b)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hong, S.H., Kim, J.J., Kang, J.W., Jung, Y.S., Kim, D.Y., Yim, S.Y., Park, S.J.: Enhanced optical output of InGaN/GaN near-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes by localized surface plasmon of colloidal silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 26(38), 385204 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jahani, S., Jacob, Z.: All-dielectric metamaterials. Nat. Nanotechnol. 11(1), 23–36 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuznetsov, A.I., Miroshnichenko, A.E., Brongersma, M.L., Kivshar, Y.S., Luk’Yanchuk, B.: Optically resonant dielectric nanostructures. Science 354(6314), aag2472 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwon, M.-K., Kim, J.-Y., Kim, B.-H., Park, I.-K., Cho, C.-Y., Byeon, C.C., Park, S.-J.: Surface-plasmon-enhanced light-emitting diodes. Adv. Mater. 20(7), 1253–1257 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K.-G., Choi, K.-Y., Song, S.-H.: Optimal design of green InGaN/GaN LEDs mediated by surface-plasmon gratings. Curr. Appl. Phys. 14(12), 1771–1774 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lozano, G., Louwers, D.J., Rodríguez, S.R., Murai, S., Jansen, O.T., Verschuuren, M.A., Rivas, J.G.: Plasmonics for solid-state lighting: enhanced excitation and directional emission of highly efficient light sources. Light Sci. Appl. 2(5), e66 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lozano, G., Grzela, G., Verschuuren, M.A., Ramezani, M., Rivas, J.G.: Tailor-made directional emission in nanoimprinted plasmonic-based light-emitting devices. Nanoscale 6(15), 9223–9229 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lozano, G., Rodriguez, S.R., Verschuuren, M.A., Rivas, J.G.: Metallic nanostructures for efficient LED lighting. Light Sci. Appl. 5(6), e16080 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manuel, D., Isabelle, S.: Resonant dielectric nanostructures: a low-loss platform for functional nanophotonics. J. Opt. 18(10), 103001 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murai, S., Verschuuren, M.A., Lozano, G., Pirruccio, G., Rodriguez, S.R.K., Rivas, J.G.: Hybrid plasmonic-photonic modes in diffractive arrays of nanoparticles coupled to light-emitting optical waveguides. Opt. Express 21(4), 4250–4262 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Murai, S., Saito, M., Sakamoto, H., Yamamoto, M., Kamakura, R., Nakanishi, T., Fujita, K., Verschuuren, M.A., Hasegawa, Y., Tanaka, K.: Directional outcoupling of photoluminescence from Eu(III)-complex thin films by plasmonic array. APL Photonics 2(2), 026104 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Narendran, N., Gu, Y., Freyssinier-Nova, J.P., Zhu, Y.: Extracting phosphor-scattered photons to improve white LED efficiency. Phys. Status Solidi A 202(6), R60–R62 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Palik, E.D.: Handbook of optical constants of solids, vol. 1. Academic, New York (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, H.K., Oh, J.R., Do, Y.R.: 2D SiNx photonic crystal coated Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ ceramic plate phosphor for high-power white light-emitting diodes. Opt. Express 19(25), 25593–25601 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Park, B., Noh, H., Yu, Y.M., Jang, J.-W.: Finite-difference time-domain analysis on light extraction in a GaN light-emitting diode by empirically capable dielectric nano-features. J. Appl. Phys. 116(18), 184302 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pellegrini, G., Mattei, G., Mazzoldi, P.: Light extraction with dielectric nanoantenna arrays. ACS Nano 3(9), 2715–2721 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pellegrini, G., Mattei, G., Mazzoldi, P.: Nanoantenna arrays for large-area emission enhancement. J. Phys. Chem. C 115(50), 24662–24665 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pimputkar, S., Speck, J.S., DenBaars, S.P., Nakamura, S.: Prospects for LED lighting. Nat. Photonics 3(4), 180–182 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramezani, M., Lozano, G., Verschuuren, M.A., Gómez-Rivas, J.: Modified emission of extended light emitting layers by selective coupling to collective lattice resonances. Phys. Rev. B 94(12), 125406 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Rattier, M., Benisty, H., Stanley, R.P., Carlin, J.-F., Houdré, R., Oesterle, U., Smith, C.J., Weisbuch, C., Krauss, T.F.: Toward ultrahigh-efficiency aluminum oxide microcavity light-emitting diodes: Guided mode extraction by photonic crystals. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Quant. 8(2), 238–247 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Regmi, R., Berthelot, J., Winkler, P.M., Mivelle, M., Proust, J., Bedu, F., Ozerov, I., Begou, T., Lumeau, J., Rigneault, H.: All-dielectric silicon nanogap antennas to enhance the fluorescence of single molecules. Nano Lett. 16(8), 5143–5151 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Rusak, E., Staude, I., Decker, M., Sautter, J., Miroshnichenko, A.E., Powell, D.A., Neshev, D.N., Kivshar, Y.S.: Hybrid nanoantennas for directional emission enhancement. Appl. Phys. Lett. 105(22), 221109 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryu, H.-Y.: Modification of internal quantum efficiency and efficiency droop in GaN-based flip-chip light-emitting diodes via the Purcell effect. Opt. Express 23(19), A1157–A1166 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryu, H.-Y., Choi, I.-G., Choi, H.-S., Shim, J.-I.: Investigation of light extraction efficiency in AlGaN deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes. Appl. Phys. Express 6(6), 062101 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Song, W., Li, S., Crozier, K.B.: Highly Directional Fluorescent Emission at Visible Wavelengths with a Silicon Metasurface. CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science 2016, p. FM3D.7 (2016)

  • Staude, I., Miroshnichenko, A.E., Decker, M., Fofang, N.T., Liu, S., Gonzales, E., Dominguez, J., Luk, T.S., Neshev, D.N., Brener, I.: Tailoring directional scattering through magnetic and electric resonances in subwavelength silicon nanodisks. ACS Nano 7(9), 7824–7832 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Staude, I., Khardikov, V.V., Fofang, N.T., Liu, S., Decker, M., Neshev, D.N., Luk, T.S., Brener, I., Kivshar, Y.S.: Shaping photoluminescence spectra with magnetoelectric resonances in all-dielectric nanoparticles. ACS Photonics 2(2), 172–177 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, H., Piquette, A., Raukas, M., Moustakas, T.D.: Enhancement of yellow light extraction efficiency of Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ ceramic converters using a 2-D TiO2 hexagonal-lattice nanocylinder photonic crystal layer. IEEE Photonics J. 8(1), 1–10 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang, Y., Zhou, S., Chen, C., Yi, X., Feng, Y., Lin, H., Zhang, S.: Composite phase ceramic phosphor of Al2O3-Ce:YAG for high efficiency light emitting. Opt. Express 23(14), 17923–17928 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Teperik, T., Degiron, A.: Superradiant optical emitters coupled to an array of nanosize metallic antennas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108(14), 147401 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsakmakidis, K.L., Boyd, R.W., Yablonovitch, E., Zhang, X.: Large spontaneous-emission enhancements in metallic nanostructures: towards LEDs faster than lasers [Invited]. Opt. Express 24(16), 17916–17927 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Vecchi, G., Giannini, V., Gomez Rivas, J.: Shaping the fluorescent emission by lattice resonances in plasmonic crystals of nanoantennas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(14), 146807 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, S., Li, Y., Feng, L., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Su, X., Ding, W., Yun, F.: Laser patterning of Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ ceramic phosphor platelets for enhanced forward light extraction and angular color uniformity of white LEDs. Opt. Express 24(15), 17522–17531 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wierer, J.J., David, A., Megens, M.M.: III-nitride photonic-crystal light-emitting diodes with high extraction efficiency. Nat. Photonics 3(3), 163–169 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, S., Liu, B., Zhu, Z., Cheng, C., Chen, H., Gu, M., Chen, L., Liu, J., Ouyang, X., Xue, C.: Guided-mode resonance assisted directional emission of a wavelength-shifting film for application in scintillation detection. Opt. Express 24(1), 231–238 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Xia, Z., Liu, Q.: Progress in discovery and structural design of color conversion phosphors for LEDs. Prog. Mater Sci. 84, 59–117 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan, J., Liu, P., Lin, Z., Wang, H., Chen, H., Wang, C., Yang, G.: Magnetically induced forward scattering at visible wavelengths in silicon nanosphere oligomers. Nat. Commun. 6, 7042 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon, S.W., Park, H.K., Ko, K.-Y., Ahn, J., Do, Y.R.: Various nanofabrication approaches towards two-dimensional photonic crystals for ceramic plate phosphor-capped white light-emitting diodes. J. Mater. Chem. C 2(36), 7513–7522 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Wei, T., Xiong, Z., Shang, L., Tian, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhou, P., Wang, J., Li, J.: Enhanced optical power of GaN-based light-emitting diode with compound photonic crystals by multiple-exposure nanosphere-lens lithography. Appl. Phys. Lett. 105(1), 013108 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, G., Zhuang, Z., Guo, X., Ren, F.-F., Liu, B., Ge, H., Xie, Z., Sun, L., Zhi, T., Tao, T.: Bloch surface plasmon enhanced blue emission from InGaN/GaN light-emitting diode structures with Al-coated GaN nanorods. Nanotechnology 26(12), 125201 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, P., Zhao, H.: Analysis of light extraction efficiency enhancement for thin-film-flip-chip InGaN quantum wells light-emitting diodes with GaN micro-domes. Opt. Express 20(105), A765–A776 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhmakin, A.I.: Enhancement of light extraction from light emitting diodes. Phys. Rep. 498(4–5), 189–241 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, Z., Li, J., Su, R., Yao, B., Fang, H., Li, K., Zhou, L., Liu, J., Stellinga, D., Reardon, C.P.: Efficient Silicon Metasurfaces for Visible Light. arXiv:1609.06400 (2016)

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundations of China (Nos. 11404291, 11504333 and 11574276), Programs for Science & Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province (No. 17HASTIT016), Science & Technology Innovative Outstanding Talents of Henan Province (No. 164200510006), Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (No. 2015ZF55013), Program for Natural Science Foundations of Henan Province (No. 162300410314), Key Program of Science and Technology of Henan Education Department (Nos. 17A140029 and 17A510019).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou, 450046, China

    Pei Ding, Li Shao, Yan Li & Fanguang Zeng

  2. Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Material and Application Technology, Zhengzhou, 450046, China

    Pei Ding, Li Shao, Yan Li & Fanguang Zeng

  3. School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China

    Junqiao Wang & Erjun Liang

Authors
  1. Pei Ding
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Li Shao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Junqiao Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yan Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Fanguang Zeng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Erjun Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pei Ding.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ding, P., Shao, L., Wang, J. et al. Enhanced light extraction with silicon nanoantenna arrays for white light LED applications. Opt Quant Electron 49, 194 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-1035-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-1035-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation