Abstract
Studies involving retrograde orbits have been an emerging field in recent years, particularly in the case where there are resonances between objects orbiting in opposite directions. The high amount of data from space exploration missions increases the possibility of observing binary stellar systems which may have additional bodies with retrograde orbits. Furthermore, such orbits are relevant to understanding the dynamics of spacecrafts around binary asteroids, being essential to planning exploratory missions. In this work, we survey retrograde orbits around binary systems with mass ratio between 0.01 (hierarchical) and 0.5 (equal masses) in the framework of the planar circular restricted three-body problem (PCR3BP). We build surfaces of section and identify retrograde resonances up to fifth order, namely the 2/−1, 3/−2, 1/−1, 2/−3, 1/−2, 1/−3 and 1/−4 resonances. We conclude that retrograde resonances occur in binary systems at high mass ratio, including the co-orbital (1/−1) resonance. Period doubling bifurcations occur for the 1/−1 resonance, and period doubling and period tripling bifurcations are observed for the 1/−2 resonance. Asymmetric retrograde resonances of the type 1/−n occur for almost equal masses of the binary system. This study may be used for identifying retrograde planets in extrasolar systems and may possibly have applications to astrodynamics mission planning.
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The surfaces of section and animations of the bifurcations are available: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/244803
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Acknowledgements
We thank George Voyatzis for directing us to the technical report on periodic orbits by Roger Broucke. The computational resources were supplied in part by the Center for Scientific Computing (NCC/GridUNESP) of the São Paulo State University (UNESP).
Funding
This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001. The authors wish to express their appreciation for the support provided by Grant 309089/2021-2 from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Grants from São Paulo Research Foundation FAPESP/2021/11982-5, FAPESP/2022/08716-4, FAPESP/2019/07329-4, and FAPESP/2016/24561-0. This publication has been supported by the RUDN University Scientific Projects Grant System, Project No. 202235-2-000.
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HM and GC contributed equally to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation and data collection were performed by GC, AS, and HM. Data interpretation was done by GC, HM, RC, and AS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by GC, AS, HM. The numerical simulations were done using the computational resources of AP and HM. All authors have commented on and suggested previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Caritá, G.A., Signor, A.C., Morais, M.H.M. et al. Retrograde resonances at high mass ratio in the circular restricted 3-body problem. Nonlinear Dyn 111, 17021–17035 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-023-08779-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-023-08779-y