Abstract
The most distinctive difference between a space robot and a base-fixed robot is its free-flying/floating base, which results in the dynamic coupling effect. The mounted manipulator motion will disturb the position and attitude of the base, thereby deteriorating the operational accuracy of the end effector. This paper focuses on decoupling or counteracting the coupling between the manipulator and the base. The dynamics model of multi-arm space robots is established using the composite rigid dynamics modeling approach to analyze the dynamic coupling force/torque. An adaptive robust controller that is based on time-delay estimation (TDE) and sliding mode control (SMC) is designed to decouple the multi-arm space robot. In contrast to the online computation method, the proposed controller compensates for the dynamic coupling via the TDE technique and the SMC can complement and reinforce the robustness of the TDE. The global asymptotic stability of the proposed decoupling controller is mathematically proven. Several contrastive simulation studies on a dual-arm space robot system are conducted to evaluate the performance of the TDE-based SMC controller. The results of qualitative and quantitative analysis illustrate that the proposed controller is simpler and yet more effective.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFB1304600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51775541), the CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team (Grant No. JCTD-2018-11), and the State Key Laboratory of Robotics Foundation (Grant No. Y91Z0303).
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Appendix
Appendix
A detailed proof of the boundedness of ε is provided as follows, which is the same as the proof in Refs. [31, 32, 39].
Lemma 1
For the inertial matrix\( \varvec{H} \), there exists a constant diagonal matrix\( \bar{\varvec{H}} \)that satisfies the spectral norm condition, namely\( \left\| {\varvec{H}^{ - 1} \bar{\varvec{H}} - \varvec{E}} \right\| < 1 \) [34].
Lemma 2
For vectors\( \varvec{\alpha} \)and\( \varvec{\beta} \), if\( \varvec{\alpha}= \varvec{A\beta } \), \( \varvec{A} \)is a symmetric matrix, and\( A_{\hbox{max} } \)is the maximum eigenvalue of\( \varvec{A} \), there exists a conclusion, namely\( \left\|\varvec{\alpha}\right\| \le A_{\hbox{max} } \left\|\varvec{\beta}\right\|, \, ({\rm A}_{\hbox{max} }^{k} > 0) \).
According to Eqs. (39) and (40) , we reformulate the control law of the TDE-based SMC as
Substituting Eqs. (44a) and (37b) into the dynamics equation (Eq. (36a)) yields
where\( \varvec{\varepsilon}(t) = \varvec{N}(t) - \varvec{N}\text{(}t - \delta \text{)} \). If we want to verify that\( {\varvec{\varepsilon}}(t) \)is bounded, it is equivalent to verify that\( \varvec{\xi} (t) = \varvec{u}(t) - \ddot{\varvec{q}}(t) \)is bounded. Furthermore, we can obtain
From Eqs. (28), (37b), and (38), we can deduce
Substituting Eq. (47) into Eq. (44a) yields
Substituting Eq. (48) into Eq. (46) yields
We obtain\( {\ddot{\varvec{q}}} (t - \delta ) =\varvec{\xi}(t - \delta ) + \varvec{u}(t - \delta ) \)according to Eq. (45b). Substituting it into Eq. (49) yields
Then, we can reformat Eq. (50) as
Furthermore, we analyze Eq. (51a) in the discrete-time domain. Substituting\( t = k\delta \)into Eq. (51a) yields
Via induction and reasoning, we can obtain
where \( \varvec{\xi}(0) \) is the initial value, and we can deduce
According to Lemma 2, we can deduce
According to Lemma 1, we know that\( 0 < {\rm A}_{\hbox{max} }^{{}} < 1 \). Meanwhile,\( \left| {\chi_{1i} (k)} \right| < \beta_{1} \)and\( \left| {\chi_{2i} (k)} \right| < \beta_{2} \), where\( \chi_{1i} (k) \)and\( \chi_{2i} (k) \)are, respectively, the ith elements of\( \varvec{\chi}_{1} (k) \) and \( \varvec{\chi}_{2} (k) \)and\( \beta_{1} \) and \( \beta_{2} \)are positive constants. When\( k \to \infty \), \( {\rm A}_{\hbox{max} }^{k} \to 0 \), and we conclude
Thus, the boundedness of\( \varvec{\xi}(k) \)is proven, and the stability of the TDE-based SMC is guaranteed.
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Zhang, X., Liu, J., Gao, Q. et al. Adaptive robust decoupling control of multi-arm space robots using time-delay estimation technique. Nonlinear Dyn 100, 2449–2467 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-05615-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-05615-5