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Clearance-type nonlinear energy sinks for enhancing performance in electroacoustic wave energy harvesting

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Abstract

This paper explores a clearance-type nonlinear energy sink (NES) for increasing electrical energy harvested from non-stationary mechanical waves, such as those encountered during impact and intermittent events. The key idea is to trap energy in the NES such that it can be harvested over a time period longer than that afforded by the passing disturbance itself. Analytical, computational, and experimental techniques are employed to optimize the energy sink, explore qualitative behavior (to include bifurcations), and verify enhanced performance. Unlike traditionally studied single-DOF NESs, both subdomains of the NES (i.e., on either side of the clearance) contain displaceable degrees of freedom, increasing the complexity of the analytical solution approach. However, closed-form solutions are found which quantify the relationship between the impact amplitude and the energy produced, parameterized by system properties such as the harvester effective resistance, the clearance gap, and the domain mass and stiffness. Bifurcation diagrams and trends therein provide insight into the number and state of impact events at the NES as excitation amplitude increases. Moreover, a closed-form Poincaré map is derived which maps one NES impact location to the next, greatly simplifying the analysis while providing an important tool for follow-on bifurcation studies. Finally, a series of representative experiments are carried out to realize the benefits of using clearance-type nonlinearities to trap wave energy and increase the net harvested energy.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would to acknowledge support of this research by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1333978.

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  1. George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0405, USA

    Amir Darabi & Michael J. Leamy

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  1. Amir Darabi
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  2. Michael J. Leamy
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Correspondence to Michael J. Leamy.

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Darabi, A., Leamy, M.J. Clearance-type nonlinear energy sinks for enhancing performance in electroacoustic wave energy harvesting. Nonlinear Dyn 87, 2127–2146 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-016-3177-3

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