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Coseismic deformation and source characterisation of the 21 June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake using dual-pass DInSAR

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Abstract

On 21 June 2022 (at 20:54:34UTC), a magnitude 6.0 (Richter scale) earthquake (depth 4 km) struck eastern Afghanistan, devastating parts of the Khost and Paktika provinces. With its epicentre located southwest of Khost city, more than 1000 people were killed and several thousands injured by the earthquake. Deformation modelling and finite-fault source characterisation provide essential information for seismic hazard management and advanced analysis of the seismicity in earthquake prone areas. The coseismic deformation, which occurred west of the NNE–SSW-trending North Waziristan–Bannu thrust fault zone, was assessed using dual-pass (ascending and descending) interferometric Sentinel-1 data. The line of sight (LOS) displacement estimated from ascending pass imagery ranged from + 0.38 m to − 0.16 m. The descending pass LOS displacement ranged from + 0.10 m to − 0.13 m. The displacement components are resolved in vertical and east–west directions using ascending and descending passes. The displacement is predominantly westward with a strong upliftment component, thus indicating an SW-trending oblique slip movement of the fault. Inversion modelling was done to derive the seismic source characteristics from DInSAR displacement values using an elastic dislocation model. The linear inversion model converges at a single fault source solution with a dip and strike of ~ 62° and 216° N, respectively, having a rake of 25° N. The distributed slip values vary between 0 and 2.25 m. The inversion model results in a moment magnitude of 6.18 and a geodetic moment of 2.06 × 1018 Nm, comparable to those derived using teleseismic body wave data by USGS. Damage assessment using optical data from the Worldview-1 satellite substantiates that the building damages are located primarily within the zone of surface deformation.

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Fig. 1

(Source: USGS) are overlaid on Sentinel-2A satellite imagery. The region processed with Sentinel-1 imagery is shown in white dotted box

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(Source: USGS)

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Acknowledgements

This paper is the outcome of the work carried out under the disaster management support (DMS) program of ISRO. We would like to thank Dr. V. V. Rao, Associate Director, NRSC, for the support to this study. We thank ESA for providing the Sentinel-1 data and USGS HDDS for providing the Worldview-1 data.

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The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support was received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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  1. National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Hyderabad, 500 037, India

    Priyom Roy, Tapas R. Martha, K. Vinod Kumar & Prakash Chauhan

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  1. Priyom Roy
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  2. Tapas R. Martha
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  3. K. Vinod Kumar
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  4. Prakash Chauhan
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PR took part in writing—original draft preparation, methodology, investigation, validation; TRM involved in conceptualisation, validation, writing—reviewing and editing, supervision; KVK took part in reviewing and editing, supervision. PC took part in reviewing and editing, supervision.

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Correspondence to Priyom Roy.

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Roy, P., Martha, T.R., Kumar, K.V. et al. Coseismic deformation and source characterisation of the 21 June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake using dual-pass DInSAR. Nat Hazards 118, 843–857 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06030-w

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