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Simultaneous monitoring of soil 222Rn in the Eastern Himalayas and the geothermal region of eastern India: an earthquake precursor

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Abstract

Activity of 222Rn gas in soil has been recorded continuously at three monitoring centres, namely Ravangla and Diphu in the Eastern Himalayan region and Tantloi in the geothermal region of eastern India in order to determine possible precursors induced by seismic activity within a few hundred kilometres of the monitoring stations. The recorded data show that various physical and meteorological parameters affect the outflow of radon gas from soil, leading to very complex nonlinear non-stationary soil 222Rn time series. Therefore, a two-step nonlinear technique consisting of empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert–Huang transform has been used for analysis of the simultaneously recorded soil radon data. A number of precursory anomalies caused due to earthquakes of magnitude around 5.0 within 500 km epicentral distance from each monitoring station have been found in the recorded time series of radon in soil at all three centres. An anomaly has been observed simultaneously from the three monitoring stations preceding an earthquake in the common region monitored by the centres. This demonstrates that monitoring of soil radon precursor by a network of stations can be a promising method for understanding earthquake generating processes.

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Data availability

The recorded data used in this work would be provided in full on instruction from the editor. Information on relevant earthquakes (mentioned in the manuscript) have been collected from the website of United States Geological Survey (USGS Earthquake Catalog).

Code availability

Programs written in Matlab have been used for analysis of recorded data.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the University Grants Commission (UGC), Govt. of India, for providing funds for the instruments through the UPE-II programme for Jadavpur University. The authors express gratitude towards the Registrar of Jadavpur University, the Director of National Institute of Technology Sikkim and the Principal of Diphu Government College for their support, without which this work would not have been possible. The authors are also grateful to Prof. Bikash Sinha and Dr. Debasis Ghose for their help and inspiration behind the research.

Funding

Funding for the instruments used in the work has been provided by the University Grants Commission (UGC), Govt. of India, through the UPE-II programme for Jadavpur University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India

    Saheli Chowdhury & Argha Deb

  2. School of Studies in Environmental Radiation and Archaeological Sciences, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India

    Saheli Chowdhury & Argha Deb

  3. Department of Physics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal, 723104, India

    Chiranjib Barman

  4. National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla, 737139, Sikkim, India

    Md. Nurujjaman

  5. Department of Physics, Diphu Govt. College, Diphu, 782462, Assam, India

    Dipok K. Bora

  6. Government Model College, Deithor, Karbi Anglong, 782480, Assam, India

    Dipok K. Bora

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Chowdhury, S., Deb, A., Barman, C. et al. Simultaneous monitoring of soil 222Rn in the Eastern Himalayas and the geothermal region of eastern India: an earthquake precursor. Nat Hazards 112, 1477–1502 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05235-9

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