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Cellular Localization and Distribution of TGF-β1, GDNF and PDGF-BB in the Adult Primate Central Nervous System

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Abstract

The available data on the localization of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in the adult primate and human central nervous system (CNS) are limited and lack comprehensive and systematic information. This study aimed to investigate the cellular localization and distribution of TGF-β1, GDNF, and PDGF-BB in the CNS of adult rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). Seven adult rhesus macaques were included in the study. The protein levels of TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and GDNF in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, and spinal cord were analyzed by western blotting. The expression and location of TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and GDNF in the brain and spinal cord was examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The mRNA expression of TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and GDNF was detected by in situ hybridization. The molecular weight of TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and GDNF in the homogenate of spinal cord was 25 KDa, 30 KDa, and 34 KDa, respectively. Immunolabeling revealed GDNF was ubiquitously distributed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation, basal nuclei, thalamus, hypothalamus, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. TGF-β1 was least distributed and found only in the medulla oblongata and spinal cord, and PDGF-BB expression was also limited and present only in the brainstem and spinal cord. Besides, TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and GDNF were localized in the astrocytes and microglia of spinal cord and hippocampus, and their expression was mainly found in the cytoplasm and primary dendrites. The mRNA of TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, and GDNF was localized to neuronal subpopulations in the spinal cord and cerebellum. These findings suggest that TGF-β1, GDNF and PDGF-BB may be associated with neuronal survival, neural regeneration and functional recovery in the CNS of adult rhesus macaques, providing the potential insights into the development or refinement of therapies based on these factors.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Mr. Heng-Leong Chan for his comments on this manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by a grant from the National Science foundation of China (No. 81271358, 81070991, 81260191).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Hui Li & De-Zhi Mu

  2. Department of Intensive Care Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Hui Li

  3. Institute of Neurological Disease, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China

    Qi-Qin Dan, Yan-Jun Chen, Li Chen, Hong-Tian Zhang & Ting-Hua Wang

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  1. Hui Li
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  2. Qi-Qin Dan
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  3. Yan-Jun Chen
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  4. Li Chen
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  5. Hong-Tian Zhang
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  6. De-Zhi Mu
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  7. Ting-Hua Wang
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Contributions

Ting-Hua Wang and De-Zhi Mu contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Hong-Tian Zhang and Yan-Jun Chen. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Hui Li and Qi-Qin Dan, and the manuscript was revised by Ting-Hua Wang, Hui Li, and Li Chen. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to De-Zhi Mu or Ting-Hua Wang.

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Li, H., Dan, QQ., Chen, YJ. et al. Cellular Localization and Distribution of TGF-β1, GDNF and PDGF-BB in the Adult Primate Central Nervous System. Neurochem Res 48, 2406–2423 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-023-03909-9

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