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TGF-β in Brain Disorders

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TGF-β in Human Disease

Abstract

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is known to regulate numerous cell functions in the nervous system development, adult maintenance, and degeneration. TGF-β carries roles in neurons and glia and is involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, neuron survival and death, as well as orchestrating its response to lesion. In the context of brain disorders the current understanding of TGF-β action is discussed for brain tumors, neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimers’ and Parkinson’s disease, in insults such as ischemia, stroke, and vascular damage, as well as changes in neuronal activity, such as hyperactivity as seen in epilepsy, or in neuronal depression.

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Abbreviations

Aβ:

Amyloid β

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

Alk:

Activin-receptor like kinase

ALS:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

APP:

Amyloid precursos protein

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Cdk:

Cyclin-dependent kinase

CNS:

Central nervous system

CNTF:

Ciliary neurotrophic factor

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

E:

Embryonic day

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

Fox:

Forkhead box

GDNF:

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

GFRα:

GDNF receptor

Id4:

Inhibitors of DNA binding/differentiation

TIEG:

TGF-β immediate early gene

IL:

Interleukin

Kir:

Inward recitfying potassium channels

MGP:

Matrix GLA protein

MHC:

Major histocompatobility class

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

MPP+:

1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium

MPTP:

1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

MS:

Multiples sclerosis

NGF:

Nerve growth factor

PAI:

Plasminogen activator inhibitor

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PNS:

Peripheral nervous system

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TGF- β:

Transforming growth factor β

TβR:

TGF-β receptor

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor α

TRAF:

TNF-α receptor associated factor

t-PA:

Tissue plasminogen activator

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Acknowledgments

Work from the author’s laboratory is supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (including SFB780, Kr1477/10 and 11).

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  1. Department of Molecular Embryology, FRIAS School of Life Science, University of Freiburg, Albertstr 17, Freiburg, 79104, Germany

    Kerstin Krieglstein

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    Aristidis Moustakas

  2. , Interdiscip. Grad. Sch. Med. Eng., University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan

    Keiji Miyazawa

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Krieglstein, K. (2013). TGF-β in Brain Disorders. In: Moustakas, A., Miyazawa, K. (eds) TGF-β in Human Disease. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54409-8_17

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