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Hippocampal Up-Regulation of Apolipoprotein D in a Rat Model of Maternal Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism: Implication of Oxidative Stress

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Abstract

Thyroid disorders impair various functions of the hippocampus where thyroid hormone receptors are localized in the brain. Hyper and hypothyroidism are associated with large changes in brain oxidative stress. Apolipoprotein D (APOD) is a conserved glycoprotein that increased in response to oxidative stress in the brain and has been suggested function as an antioxidant in the brain. Thus, the goal of this work was to explore the effect of maternal hypo- and hyperthyroidism on the Apod expression in the pup’s brain regarding changes in oxidative stress. For induction hypo and hyperthyroidism in adult female rats, 100 ppm propylthiouracil (PTU) and 8 ppm levothyroxine administrated 1 month before copulation to the week 3 after delivery in drinking water. The hippocampal region of rat pups was isolated and used for immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR on postnatal day (PND)5, PND10 and PND20. Results revealed that APOD over-expressed in both hypo- and hyperthyroid groups on PND5, PND10, and PND20. There was a proportional increase between the Apod expression and oxidative stress in the hyperthyroid group but not the hypothyroid in different days. Regarding the wide functions of thyroid hormones, oxidative stress does not suggest to be the only mechanism that involves Apod gene expression in thyroid disturbances.

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Abbreviations

THs:

Thyroid hormones

Apod :

Apolipoprotein D mRNA

APOD:

Apolipoprotein D protein

PND:

Postnatal day

PTU:

Propylthiouracil

TAC:

Total antioxidant capacity

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

OS:

Oxidative stress

TBA:

Thiobarbituric acid

PBS:

Phosphate buffered saline

TBS:

Tris-buffered saline

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

DAB:

3,3-Diaminobenzidine

HRP:

Horseradish peroxidase

DG:

Dentate gyrus

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Acknowledgements

The research presented in this article is part of the dissertation of Marziyeh Salami, to receive a master’s degree in biochemistry. Semnan University of Medical Sciences sponsored this project under the project no. 1190.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran

    Ahmad Reza Bandegi, Hamid Reza Sameni & Abbas Pakdel

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran

    Marziyeh Salami, Ahmad Reza Bandegi & Abbas Pakdel

  3. Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran

    Abbas Ali Vafaei

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  1. Marziyeh Salami
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Correspondence to Abbas Pakdel.

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The ethics committee of Semnan university of medical sciences accredited the study (approval ID: IR. SEMUMS. REC.1395. 215). All experiments and animal care performed based on approved international and national guidelines.

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Salami, M., Bandegi, A.R., Sameni, H.R. et al. Hippocampal Up-Regulation of Apolipoprotein D in a Rat Model of Maternal Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism: Implication of Oxidative Stress. Neurochem Res 44, 2190–2201 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-019-02859-5

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