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Amphidiploid production of a distant hybrid Populus simonii × P. euphratica cv. ‘Xiaohuyang-1’ and resulting in phenotypic variation

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Abstract

Populus simonii × P. euphratica cv. ‘Xiaohuyang-1’ is an elite variety produced by distant hybridization between Populus section Tacamahaca and sect. Turanga. However, its highly gametic sterility makes it difficult to be used in the breeding program for the next generation. Induction of amphidiploids derived from the distant hybrid is an ideal approach for the restoration of gametic fertility. In this study, amphidiploids of ‘Xiaohuyang-1’ were produced by a strategy of tetraploid isolation from mixoploid plants based on adventitious bud regeneration. Firstly, in vitro regeneration systems of ‘Xiaohuyang-1’ were established as MS medium with 0.4 mg L− 1 6-BA and 0.05 mg L− 1 NAA for leaf explants, and MS medium with 0.4 mg L− 1 6-BA and 0.1 mg L− 1 NAA for internode-segment explants. Then, 31 mixoploids were induced by treating node segments with colchicine solution. The colchicine concentration, exposure time, and their interaction significantly affected the induction rate of mixoploids. Thirdly, the leaves of mixoploids were used as explants to induce adventitious buds, and 6 amphidiploids were identified from 43 regenerated buds, with an isolation rate of 13.95%. Furthermore, analyses of phenotypic variation among different ploidy levels showed that the amphidiploids had significantly longer, wider, and thicker leaves, larger stomas, and lower stomatal density, compared with the diploids. The notably increased cell sizes of spongy tissue contributed to the increase in leaf thickness of amphidiploids. The amphidiploid plants induced in this study are expected to exhibit better abiotic tolerance and improved gametic fertility, serving as a bridge parent in the next breeding cycle of Populus.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the figshare repository, https://figshare.com/s/67edc418d7ac4d6bf36d.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by The National Key R&D Program of China during the 14th Five-year Plan Period (Grant No. 2021YFD2200104).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

      Ying Zhang & Jun Wang

    2. National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

      Ying Zhang, Xiao-Tong Cui, Xiao-Xiao Zhang & Jun Wang

    3. Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, MOE, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

      Ying Zhang, Zi-Yu Wang, Xiao-Tong Cui, Xiao-Xiao Zhang & Jun Wang

    4. College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

      Ying Zhang, Xiao-Tong Cui, Xiao-Xiao Zhang & Jun Wang

    5. Forestry and Grassland Research Institute of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, 028000, People’s Republic of China

      Jin-Wang Zhang & Long Tie

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    1. Ying Zhang
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    Contributions

    J.W. conceived and designed research. Y.Z., Z.Y.W., X.T.C., and X.X.Z. conducted experiments and analyzed data. J.W.Z. cultivated the materials. L.T. observed the phenotypic variation. Y.Z., Z.Y.W., and J.W. wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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    Correspondence to Jun Wang.

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    Ying Zhang, Zi-Yu Wang and Xiao-tong Cui contributed equally to this work.

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    Zhang, Y., Wang, ZY., Cui, XT. et al. Amphidiploid production of a distant hybrid Populus simonii × P. euphratica cv. ‘Xiaohuyang-1’ and resulting in phenotypic variation. New Forests (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-023-10003-z

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