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Impact of Teratosphaeria nubilosa over tree growth and survival of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus maidenii in Uruguay

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Abstract

Teratosphaeria nubilosa severely affects young plantations of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus maidenii in Uruguay. This work analyzes the effect of the damage caused by T. nubilosa on tree growth and survival of E. globulus and E. maidenii, based on data from a trial naturally infected by this pathogen. The effect of defoliation and proportion of adult foliage on tree growth and mortality was evaluated at 50 months of age. Defoliation in E. globulus was higher than in E. maidenii, reaching average values of 52.5 and 28.8 %, respectively, at 21 months of age. By contrast, E. globulus showed higher precocity of vegetative phase change than E. maidenii. Although the damage threshold for diameter growth was 40 % on E. globulus and 20 % on E. maidenii, the detrimental effect on growth was similar in both species, where the most defoliated trees suffered a reduction in diameter of 49.4 and 47.5 %, respectively, at 50 months of age. Mortality increased significantly when defoliation exceeded 30 % in E. globulus and 40 % in E. maidenii. The results showed that E. maidenii has lower defoliation, higher growth and lower mortality than E. globulus after epidemics of T. nubilosa. However, the lower defoliation and higher proportion of juvenile foliage showed by E. maidenii represent a greater source of inoculum, suggesting that a large-scale replacement of E. globulus by E. maidenii in areas where T. nubilosa is a problem could be risky from an epidemiological point of view.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Forestal Atlántico Sur forestry company for providing the location and performing the soil preparation and maintenance of the trial. We also thank INIA’s Forestry Program technicians Pablo Núñez, Federico Rodríguez and Wilfredo González for their help in plant production, trial installation and assessment; Demian Gómez for his comments on the manuscript; and Marcia Balmelli and Gonzalo Peralta for reviewing the grammar of the final version of the manuscript. The study was partially funded by a grant (Programa de Formación del Sistema de los INIA de Iberoamérica) awarded by the first author from the Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) of Spain.

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  1. Programa Nacional de Investigación en Producción Forestal, INIA Tacuarembó, Ruta 5, Km. 386, Tacuarembó, Uruguay

    Gustavo Balmelli, Sofía Simeto, Diego Torres & Andrés Hirigoyen

  2. Unidad de Biotecnología, INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48, Km. 10, Canelones, Uruguay

    Alicia Castillo

  3. Programa de Sustentabilidad Ambiental, Sección Bioinsumos, INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48, Km. 10, Canelones, Uruguay

    Nora Altier

  4. Polo de Desarrollo Universitario Forestal, Centro Universitario de Tacuarembó, Universidad de la República, Ruta 5, Km. 386, Tacuarembó, Uruguay

    Guillermo Pérez

  5. Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Recursos Forestales, Instituto de Gestión Forestal Sostenible, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, Palencia, Spain

    Julio J. Diez

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  1. Gustavo Balmelli
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Balmelli, G., Simeto, S., Torres, D. et al. Impact of Teratosphaeria nubilosa over tree growth and survival of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus maidenii in Uruguay. New Forests 47, 829–843 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-016-9547-3

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