Objective. To summarize existing published data on the prevalence, clinical features, and diagnostic criteria for sleep disturbances in epilepsy patients. Materials and methods. Published data were searched using the online databases Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and eLibrary. Results. The epidemiological, clinical, and diagnostic characteristics of excessive daytime sleepiness, obstructive and central sleep apnea syndromes, restless legs syndrome, and parasomnias linked with NREM and REM sleep in epilepsy patients were analyzed. Conclusions. Further research is required to gain an understanding of the complex interactions of sleep disturbances with the aim of optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic measures and improving quality of life in this category of patients.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Gammino, L. Zummo, A. L. Bue, et al., “Excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep disorders in a population of patients with epilepsy: a case-control study,” J. Epilepsy Res., 6, No. 2, 79–86 (2016), https://doi.org/10.14581/jer.16015.
O. V. Kotova and E. S. Akarachkova, “Sleep disorders in epilepsy,” Zh. Nevrol. Psikhiatr., 114, No. 5, 100–103 (2014).
V. Latreille, E. K. St Louis, and M. Pavlova, “Co-morbid sleep disorders and epilepsy: A narrative review and case examples,” Epilepsy Res., 145, 185–197 (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.07.005.
M. E. Rumble, K. H. White, and R. M. Benca, “Sleep disturbances in mood disorders,” Psychiatr. Clin. North Am., 38, 743–759 (2015), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2015.07.006.
V. A. Karlov, O. S. Inozemtseva, and G. B. Novoselova, “The challenge of sleep disorders in epilepsy,” Epileps. Paroks. Sost., 9, No. 1, 36–39 (2017), https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333.2017.9.1.036-039.
R. Khatami, D. Zutter, A. Siegel, et al., “Sleep-wake habits and disorders in a series of 100 adult epilepsy patients: a prospective study,” Seizure, 15, 299–306 (2006), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2006.02.018.
P. Krishnan, S. Sinha, A. B. Taly, et al., “Sleep disturbances in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: a sleep questionnaire-based study,” Epilepsy Behav., 23, 305–309 (2012), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.12.018.
A. S. Giorelli, P. Passos, T. Carnaval, and M. da Mota Gomes, “Excessive daytime sleepiness and epilepsy: a systematic review,” Epilepsy Res. Treat., 2013, 629469 (2013), https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/ 629469.
P. Zanzmera, G. Shukla, A. Gupta, et al., “Markedly disturbed sleep in medically refractory compared to controlled epilepsy – a clinical and polysomnography study,” Seizure, 21, 487–490 (2012), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2012.04.005.
T. I. Morgenthaler, V. Kagramanov, V. Hanak, and P. A. Decker, “Complex sleep apnea syndrome: Is it a unique clinical syndrome?” Sleep, 29, No. 9, 1203–1209 (2006), https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/29.9.1203.
N. T. Economou, D. Dikeos, N. Andrews, and N. Foldvary-Schaefer, “Use of the Sleep Apnea Scale of the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (SA-SDQ) in adults with epilepsy,” Epilepsy Behav., 31, 123–126 (2014), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.12.006.
V. Ismayilova, A. U. Demir, and F. I. Tezer, “Subjective sleep disturbance in epilepsy patients at an outpatient clinic: A questionnaire- based study on prevalence,” Epilepsy Res., 115, 119–125 (2015), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.06.009.
M. Vendrame, S. Jackson, S. Syed, et al., “Central sleep apnea and complex sleep apnea in patients with epilepsy,” Sleep Breath., 18, No. 1, 119–124 (2014), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-013-0858-8.
E. Zambrelli, A. M. Saibene, F. Furia, et al., “Laryngeal motility alteration: A missing link between sleep apnea and vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy,” Epilepsia, 57, No. 1, 24–27 (2016), https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13252.
V. H. Nguyen-Michel, O. Pallanca, V. Navarro, et al., “How are epileptic events linked to obstructive sleep apneas in epilepsy?” Seizure, 24, 121–123 (2015), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2014.09.004.
M. Vendrame, S. Auerbach, T. Loddenkemper, et al., “Effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on seizure control in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and epilepsy,” Epilepsia, 52, No. 11, 168–171 (2011), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03214.x.
P. Zanzmera, G. Shukla, A. Gupta, et al., “Effect of successful epilepsy surgery on subjective and objective sleep parameters – a prospective study,” Sleep Med., 14, No. 4, 333–338 (2013), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2012.11.017.
N. Foldvary-Schaefer, L. Stephenson, and W. Bingaman, “Resolution of obstructive sleep apnea with epilepsy surgery? Expanding the relationship between sleep and epilepsy,” Epilepsia, 49, No. 8, 1457–1459 (2008), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01677.x.
V. Lambrecq, C. Marchal, V. Michel, et al., “Clinical features of late-onset partial cryptogenic epilepsy: Toward an idiopathic temporal epilepsy?” Epilepsy Behav., 28, No. 2, 168–171 (2013), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.05.001.
C. P. Derry and S. Duncan, “Sleep and epilepsy,” Epilepsy Behav., 26, No. 3, 394–404 (2013), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.10.033.
L. Nobili, P. Proserpio, G. Rubboli, et al., “Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (sudep) and sleep,” Sleep Med. Rev., 15, No. 4, 237–246 (2011), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2010.07.006.
S. C. Johnston, J. K. Horn, J. Valente, and R. P. Simon, “The role of hypoventilation in a sheep model of epileptic sudden death,” Ann. Neurol., 37, No. 4, 531–537 (1995), https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410370416.
E. Ronkainen, H. Ansakorpi, H. V. Huikuri, et al., “Suppressed circadian heart rate dynamics in temporal lobe epilepsy,” J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr., 76, No. 10, 1382–1386 (2005), https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2004.053777.
T. J. Kim, K. S. Cha, S. Lee, et al., “Brain regions associated with periodic leg movements during sleep in restless legs syndrome,” Sci. Rep., 10, No. 1, 1615 (2020), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58365-0.
E. K. Tan, A. Seah, S. J. See, et al., “Restless legs syndrome in an Asian population: a study in Singapore,” Mov. Disord., 16, No. 3, 577–579 (2001), https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.1102.
B. Bjorvatn, L. Leissner, J. Ulfberg, et al., “Prevalence, severity and risk factors of restless legs syndrome in the general adult population in two Scandinavian countries,” Sleep Med., 6, No. 4, 307–312 (2005), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2005.03.008.
M. X. Ma, Y. Huang, L. A. Adams, et al., “Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in a tertiary cohort of ambulant patients with chronic liver disease,” Intern. Med. J., 48, No. 3, 347–350 (2018), https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.13719.
A. Bener, A. O. A. A. Al-Hamaq, A. F. Ağan, M. Ozturk, and A. Omer, “The prevalence of restless legs syndrome and comorbid condition among patient with type 2 diabetic mellitus visiting primary healthcare,” J. Family Med. Prim. Care, 8, No. 12, 3814–3820 (2019), https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_463_19.
R. Khatami, D. Zutter, A. Siegel, et al., “Sleep-wake habits and disorders in a series of 100 adult epilepsy patients – a prospective study,” Seizure, 15, No. 5, 299–306 (2006), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2006.02.018.
B. A. Malow, R. J. Bowes, and X. Lin, “Predictors of sleepiness in epilepsy patients,” Sleep, 20, 1105–1110 (1997), https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/20.12.1105.
R. Pizzatto, K. Lin, N. Watanabe, et al., “Excessive sleepiness and sleep patterns in patients with epilepsy: a case – control study,” Epilepsy Behav., 29, No. 1, 63–66 (2013), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.06.029.
S. G. Khachatryan, L. Ghahramanyan, Z. Tavadyan, et al., “Sleeprelated movement disorders in a population of patients with epilepsy: prevalence and impact of restless legs syndrome and sleep bruxism,” J. Clin. Sleep Med., (2020), Epub ahead of print, https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8218.
J. D. Geyer, E. E. Geyer, Z. Fetterman, and P. R. Carney, “Epilepsy and restless legs syndrome,” Epilepsy Behav., 68, 41–44 (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.12.010.
M. A. Komolafe, T. A. Sunmonu, O. A. Ogunrin, et al., “Sleep disturbances among patients with epilepsy in Nigeria,” Ann. Afr. Med., 14, No. 2, 103–108 (2015), https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-3519.149880.
D. M. Cornejo-Sanchez, J. Carrizosa-Moog, D. Cabrera-Hemer, et al., “Sleepwalking and sleep paralysis: Prevalence in Colombian families with genetic generalized epilepsy,” J. Child Neurol., 34, No. 9, 491–498 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073819842422.
A. Castelnovo, R. Lopez, P. Proserpio, et al., “NREM sleep parasomnias as disorders of sleep-state dissociation,” Nat. Rev. Neurol., 14, No. 8, 470–481 (2018), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-018-0030-y.
M. G. Poluektov, Somnology and Sleep Medicine, Medforum, Moscow (2016).
F. Bisulli, L. Vignatelli, F. Provini, et al., “Parasomnias and nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE, lights and shadows – Controversial points in the differential diagnosis,” Sleep Med., 12, No. 2, 27–32 (2011), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2011.10.008.
C. Derry, “Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy vs parasomnias,” Curr. Treat. Options Neurol., 14, 451–463 (2012), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-012-0191-8.
F. Bisulli, L. Vignatelli, I. Naldi, et al., “Diagnostic accuracy of a structured interview for nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (SINFLE, a proposal for developing diagnostic criteria,” Sleep Med., 13, 81–87 (2012), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2011.09.003.
A. Zadra and M. Pilon, “NREM parasomnias,” Handb. Clin. Neurol., 99, 851–868 (2011), https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52007-4.00011-4.
C. P. Derry, A. S. Harvey, M. C. Walker, et al., “NREM arousal parasomnias and their distinction from nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: a video EEG analysis,” Sleep, 32, 1637–1644 (2009), https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/32.12.1637.
C. A. Tassinari, G. Rubboli, E. Gardella, et al., “Central pattern generators for a common semiology in fronto-limbic seizures and in parasomnias. A neuroethologic approach,” Neurol. Sci., 26, No. 3, 225–232 (2005), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-005-0492-8.
R. N. D. Rodrigues, “Rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder: book review,” Sleep Sci., 12, No. 2, 122–123 (2019), https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-0063.20190059.
C. W. Bazil, “Nocturnal seizures,” Semin. Neurol., 24, 293–300 (2004), https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-835071.
R. Manni, M. Terzaghi, and E. Zambrelli, “REM sleep behavior disorder and epileptic phenomena: clinical aspects of the comorbidity,” Epilepsia, 47, Suppl. 5, 78–81, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00883.x.
C. Scaglione, L. Vignatelli, G. Plazzi, et al., “REM sleep behaviour disorder in Parkinson’s disease: a questionnaire-based study,” Neurol. Sci., 25, 316–321 (2005), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-004-0364-7.
A. Iranzo, J. Santamaria, and E. Tolosa, “Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder: diagnosis, management, and the need for neuroprotective interventions,” Lancet Neurol., 15, 405–419 (2016), https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(16)00057-0.
C. Hubsch, C. Baumann, C. Hingray, et al., “Clinical classifi cation of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures based on video-EEG analysis and automatic clustering,” J Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 82, 955–960 (2011), https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2010.235424.
D. Oudiette, L. Leclair-Visonneau, and I. Arnulf, “Video-clinical corners. Snoring, penile erection and loss of refl exive consciousness during REM sleep behavior disorder,” Sleep Med., 11, 953–955 (2010), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2010.06.004.
R. Kandler, A. Ponnusamy, and C. Wragg, “Video ambulatory EEG: A good alternative to inpatient video telemetry?” Seizure, 47, 66–70 (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2017.02.010.
A. Pincherle, P. Proserpio, G. Didato, et al., “Epilepsy and NREMparasomnia: a complex and reciprocal relationship,” Sleep Med., 13, No. 4, 442–444 (2012), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2011.09.011.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova, Vol. 120, No. 9, Iss. 2, Insomnia, pp. 68–73, September, 2020.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kozhokaru, A.B., Samoylov, A.S., Shmyrev, V.I. et al. Sleep and Waking Disorders in Epilepsy. Neurosci Behav Physi 51, 711–715 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-021-01125-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-021-01125-y