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Deep Vector Exploration via Alteration Footprints and Thermal Infrared Scalars for the Weilasituo Magmatic–Hydrothermal Li–Sn Polymetallic Deposit, Inner Mongolia, NE China

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Abstract

The Weilasituo Li–Sn polymetallic deposits exhibit spatial and genetic relationships with magmatic–hydrothermal alteration, resulting in distinguishable mineral zonation patterns across the different metallic orebodies. The mineral zonation of breccia, quartz vein, and quartz porphyry orebodies are distinguished efficiently by regularly spaced samples analyzed by shortwave infrared and thermal infrared (TIR) spectroscopy techniques. The method provides semiquantitative abundance estimates of the mineralogy and allows the reliable recognition of diagnostic alteration as well as mineralization-related alteration footprints from detailed mineral and geochemical ternary diagrams. The alteration footprints are the result of a sequence formation of albite, topaz, and phengite alteration in weakly acidic and high-temperature ore-forming environments, followed by muscovite alteration, chlorite alteration, and local calcareous plagioclase alteration in acidic and low-temperature ore-forming environments. Quartz, topaz, and phengite are predominantly associated with the economic Li–Sn mineralization. Likewise, the TIR scalars W9300 of quartz-bearing samples and TIR scalars H9660/H9920 and D9800 of plagioclase-bearing samples at Weilasituo follow some specific rules concerning mineralization types: (1) for porphyry Sn ores, D9800 is > 0.13; (2) for breccia Li–Rb orebody, W9300 within 9450–9600 nm and H9660/H9920 is > 15; (3) for quartz vein Sn orebodies, H9660/H9920 within 5–15 nm and W9300 within 9050–9250 nm; (4) for quartz vein sulfide orebodies, H9660/H9920 is < 2, and its W9300 within 9250–9350 nm or 9850–9900 nm. Specifically, the combination of mineralogical alteration footprints with TIR scalars obtained from The Spectral Geologist software (TSGTM) has the potential to direct a program of vectoring exploration toward Li–Sn-polymetallic orebodies.

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Acknowledgments

Sincere thanks to Inner Mongolia Geological Exploration Co., Ltd. and Inner Mongolia Weilasituo Mining Co., Ltd. for their assistance in fieldwork. This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC0601204), China Geological Survey (Grant No. DD20190570), China Geological Survey Development Research Center Project (Grant No. WKZB2011BJM300170/008), and the 2021 Graduate Innovation Fund Project of China University of Geosciences, Beijing (Grant No. ZD2021YC042). We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the associate editor and the two anonymous reviewers for their invaluable feedback and constructive suggestions on our manuscript.

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  1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China

    Ling Zuo, Gongwen Wang, Huan Ren, Zhifei Liu & Meng Gao

  2. MNR Key Laboratory for Exploration Theory and Technology of Critical Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China

    Gongwen Wang

  3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Land and Resources Information Research and Development, Beijing, 100083, China

    Gongwen Wang

  4. Geology Department, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

    Emmanuel John M. Carranza

  5. Development Research Center of China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100037, China

    Zhenshan Pang

  6. Inner Mongolia Geological Prospecting Co., Ltd, Hohhot, 010000, China

    Kan Cao

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Zuo, L., Wang, G., Carranza, E.J.M. et al. Deep Vector Exploration via Alteration Footprints and Thermal Infrared Scalars for the Weilasituo Magmatic–Hydrothermal Li–Sn Polymetallic Deposit, Inner Mongolia, NE China. Nat Resour Res 32, 1871–1895 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-023-10224-1

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