Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nonlinear Characteristics of Granite After High-Temperature Treatment Captured by Digital Image Correlation and Acoustic Emission Technology

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Natural Resources Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In order to understand the nonlinear characteristics of granite after exposure to high temperature, fracture tests were carried out. The fracture process of granite was monitored by combining digital image correlation (DIC) method and acoustic emission (AE) technology, and the changes of microcracks in granite after high-temperature treatment were observed. The apparent fracture toughness of granite decreased significantly after high-temperature treatment and showed obvious size effect, which is consistent with the size effect law of Bažant. The combined observations by DIC and AE showed that the crack of granite at room temperature started to grow significantly only when it approached the failure load, and the fracture process was rapid. However, the crack growth was observed clearly in the early stage of loading for the granite subjected to high temperature, and the process was slow and persistent. After granite was heated at high temperature, the critical crack tip opening displacement (CTODc), AE b value, effective fracture process zone length, and many other indicators all increased significantly. This indicates that the fracture types of granite changed from brittle to ductile. The microscopic results showed that the granite microcracks developed after high-temperature treatment, the number of microcracks increased significantly, and the porosity and fractal dimension increased. Finally, the relationship between work of cohesion and cumulative AE counts was estimated based on the fictitious crack model. The results showed that there was a significant linear correlation between the two variables, regardless of room temperature granite or heat-treated granite. The work of cohesion can characterize the activity of microcracks in the fracture process zone and it can be quantified by AE technology. This provides a new way to study crack propagation by AE technology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. https://correlated.kayako.com/article/32-resolution-and-accuracy.

References

  • Adamson, R. M., Dempsey, J. P., & Mulmule, S. V. (1996). Fracture analysis of semi-circular and semi-circular-bend geometries. International Journal of Fracture, 77(3), 213–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bažant, Z. P. (2002). Concrete fracture models: Testing and practice. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 69(2), 165–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhowmik, S., & Ray, S. (2019). An experimental approach for characterization of fracture process zone in concrete. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 211, 401–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carloni, C., Santandrea, M., & Baietti, G. (2019). Influence of the width of the specimen on the fracture response of concrete notched beams. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 216, 106465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y. L., Wang, S. R., Ni, J., Azzam, R., & Fernandez-Steeger, T. M. (2017). An experimental study of the mechanical properties of granite after high temperature exposure based on mineral characteristics. Engineering Geology, 220, 234–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutler, N., Nejati, M., Valley, B., Amann, F., & Molinari, G. (2018). On the link between fracture toughness, tensile strength, and fracture process zone in anisotropic rocks. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 201, 56–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, B., Qiao, Y., & Hu, S. (2020). Evaluation of tension softening curve of concrete at low temperatures using the incremental displacement collocation method. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 226, 106878.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Funatsu, T., Seto, M., Shimada, H., Matsui, K., & Kuruppu, M. (2004). Combined effects of increasing temperature and confining pressure on the fracture toughness of clay bearing rocks. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41(6), 927–938.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garg, P., Hedayat, A., & Griffiths, D. V. (2020). Numerical simulation of fracture initiation in barre granite using an experimentally validated XFEM Model. In 54th US rock mechanics/geomechanics symposium. OnePetro.

  • Ghasemi, S., Khamehchiyan, M., Taheri, A., Nikudel, M. R., & Zalooli, A. (2019). Crack evolution in damage stress thresholds in different minerals of granite rock. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 53(3), 1163–1178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, T. Y., Wong, L. N. Y., & Wu, Z. (2021a). Microcracking behavior transition in thermally treated granite under mode I loading. Engineering Geology, 282, 105992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, Z., Li, J., Song, Y., He, C., & Zhang, F. (2021b). The size effect and microstructure changes of granite after heat treatment. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2021, 9958255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kataoka, M., Obara, Y., Vavro, L., Soucek, K., Cho, S. H., & Jeong, S. S. (2019). Effect of testing method type and specimen size on mode I fracture toughness of Kimachi sandstone. Journal of MMIJ. https://doi.org/10.2473/journalofmmij.135.33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumari, W. G. P., Ranjith, P. G., Perera, M. S. A., Chen, B. K., & Abdulagatov, I. M. (2017). Temperature-dependent mechanical behaviour of Australian Strathbogie granite with different cooling treatments. Engineering Geology, 229, 31–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuruppu, M. D., Obara, Y., Ayatollahi, M. R., Chong, K. P., & Funatsu, T. (2014). ISRM-suggested method for determining the mode I static fracture toughness using semi-circular bend specimen. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 47(1), 267–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Du, Z. W., & Guo, Z. P. (2020). Effect of high temperature (600° C) on mechanical properties, mineral composition, and microfracture characteristics of sandstone. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, 5072534.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Guo, Z., Ai, D., Yang, J., & Wei, Z. (2021). A simplified estimation method for tensile softening curve of quasi-brittle materials. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2021.1991060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Limin, W., Xia, L., Shilang, X., Haiying, W., & Zhaojun, Z. (2018). Micro-crack damage in strip of fracture process zone. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 147, 29–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, Q., & Labuz, J. F. (2013). Fracture of sandstone characterized by digital image correlation. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 60, 235–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, W., Chen, J., Guo, Z., Yang, H., Xie, W., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Mechanical properties and damage evolution of cemented coal gangue-fly ash backfill under uniaxial compression: Effects of different curing temperatures. Construction and Building Materials, 305, 124820.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahanta, B., Singh, T. N., & Ranjith, P. G. (2016). Influence of thermal treatment on mode I fracture toughness of certain Indian rocks. Engineering Geology, 210, 103–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maruvanchery, V., & Kim, E. (2020). Effects of a high temperature (500 C) on the fracture processes in calcite-cemented sandstone along bedding-plane orientations. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 53(2), 955–966.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miao, S., Pan, P. Z., Yu, P., Zhao, S., & Shao, C. (2020). Fracture analysis of Beishan granite after high-temperature treatment using digital image correlation. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 225, 106847.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moazzami, M., Ayatollahi, M. R., & Akhavan-Safar, A. (2020). Assessment of the fracture process zone in rocks using digital image correlation technique: The role of mode-mixity, size, geometry and material. International Journal of Damage Mechanics, 29(4), 646–666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nasseri, M. H. B., Schubnel, A., & Young, R. P. (2007). Coupled evolutions of fracture toughness and elastic wave velocities at high crack density in thermally treated Westerly granite. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 44(4), 601–616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, K., Lv, H., Zou, Q., Wen, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Evolutionary characteristics of mode-I fracture toughness and fracture energy in granite from different burial depths under high-temperature effect. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 239, 107306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qing, L.-B., Cao, J.-F., & Guan, J.-F. (2019). Experimental investigation of the concrete permissible damage scale based on the digital image correlation method. Engineering Mechanics, 36(10), 115–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shao, Z., Tang, X., & Wang, X. (2021). The influence of liquid nitrogen cooling on fracture toughness of granite rocks at elevated temperatures: an experimental study. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 246, 107628.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shi, X., Mirsayar, M., Mukhopadhyay, A., & Zollinger, D. (2019). Characterization of two-parameter fracture properties of portland cement concrete containing reclaimed asphalt pavement aggregates by semicircular bending specimens. Cement and Concrete Composites, 95, 56–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Standard, J. C. I. (2003). Method of test for fracture energy of concrete by use of notched beam. JCI-S-001e2003, Japan Concrete Institute. https://doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.44.12_10

  • Standard, A. S. T. M. (2005). Standard test method for linear-elastic plane-strain fracture toughness KIc of metallic materials. ASTM Book of Standards. https://doi.org/10.1520/E0399-05

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Su, R. K. L., Chen, H. H. N., & Kwan, A. K. H. (2012). Incremental displacement collocation method for the evaluation of tension softening curve of mortar. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 88, 49–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J., Zuo, J., Sun, Y., & Wen, J. (2021). The effects of thermal treatments on the fatigue crack growth of Beishan granite: An in situ observation study. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80(2), 1541–1555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei, M. D., Dai, F., Xu, N. W., & Zhao, T. (2016a). Stress intensity factors and fracture process zones of ISRM-suggested chevron notched specimens for mode I fracture toughness testing of rocks. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 168, 174–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei, M. D., Dai, F., Xu, N. W., Zhao, T., & Xia, K. W. (2016b). Experimental and numerical study on the fracture process zone and fracture toughness determination for ISRM-suggested semi-circular bend rock specimen. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 154, 43–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, J., Gao, J., Feng, Z., Chen, S., & Nie, T. (2020). Investigation of fracture process zone properties of mode I fracture in heat-treated granite through digital image correlation. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 235, 107192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Z., Rong, H., Zheng, J., Xu, F., & Dong, W. (2011). An experimental investigation on the FPZ properties in concrete using digital image correlation technique. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 78(17), 2978–2990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, J., Kang, Y., Liu, F., Liu, Y., Wang, Z., & Wang, X. (2021). Mechanical properties and fracture behavior of flawed granite under dynamic loading. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 142, 106569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, S., Malik, M. A., Li, Q., & Wu, Y. (2016). Determination of double-K fracture parameters using semi-circular bend test specimens. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 152, 58–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, S., & Reinhardt, H. W. (1999). Determination of double-Determination of double-K criterion for crack propagation in quasi-brittle fracture Part I: Experimental investigation of crack propagation. International Journal of Fracture, 98(2), 111–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, T., Li, Q., & Li, X. (2019). Experimental investigation on mode I fracture characteristics of granite after cyclic heating and cooling treatments. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 222, 106740.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, T., Wu, Y., Li, Q., Wang, C., & Wu, B. (2020). Determination of double-K fracture toughness parameters of thermally treated granite using notched semi-circular bending specimen. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 226, 106865.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, J., Lu, Z., & Chen, Q. (2015). Determination of the softening curve and fracture toughness of high-strength concrete exposed to high temperature. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 149, 156–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, S., Wang, H., Li, X., Zhang, X., An, D., & Yu, B. (2021). Experimental study on development characteristics and size effect of rock fracture process zone. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 241, 107377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, Y. M., Feng, X. T., Jiang, Q., Han, Y., Zhou, Y. Y., Guo, H. G., & Shi, Y. E. (2021). Large deformation control of deep roadways in fractured hard rock based on cracking-restraint method. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 54(5), 2559–2580.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhuang, L., & Zang, A. (2021). Laboratory hydraulic fracturing experiments on crystalline rock for geothermal purposes. Earth-Science Reviews, 216, 103580.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo, J., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Zhao, Z., & Wang, T. (2018). The effects of thermal treatments on the subcritical crack growth of Pingdingshan sandstone at elevated high temperatures. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 51(11), 3439–3454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo, J. P., Wang, J. T., Sun, Y. J., Chen, Y., Jiang, G. H., & Li, Y. H. (2017). Effects of thermal treatment on fracture characteristics of granite from Beishan, a possible high-level radioactive waste disposal site in China. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 182, 425–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the Natural Science Research Project of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, China (Project No. Qianjiao He KY [2020]118; [2018]380) and the Fund of Department of Science and Technology of Guizhou Province (Project No. [2019]1291; [2019]5620; [2014]7457) and the Fund of Department of Education of Guizhou Province (Project No. XKTJ[2020]23; [2016]02; [2012]017; [2018]029).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China

    Jian Li & Zhongping Guo

  2. College of Mining and Civil Engineering, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, 553004, China

    Jian Li, Dechun Ai, Junwei Yang & Zhongju Wei

  3. School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China

    Junwei Yang & Zhongju Wei

Authors
  1. Jian Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhongping Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dechun Ai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Junwei Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhongju Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dechun Ai.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, J., Guo, Z., Ai, D. et al. Nonlinear Characteristics of Granite After High-Temperature Treatment Captured by Digital Image Correlation and Acoustic Emission Technology. Nat Resour Res 31, 1307–1327 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-022-10048-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-022-10048-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation