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Large Deformation Control of Deep Roadways in Fractured Hard Rock Based on Cracking-Restraint Method

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Abstract

Large deformations often occur during and after the construction of deep roadways, particularly in fractured hard rock. With persistent deformation, there may be mechanistically unexplained, repeated failure phenomena—they are difficult problems to analyse and address. One strategy is to analyse the failure characteristics of roadways and internal cracking characteristics of the surrounding rock which can be analysed with a digital borehole televiewer and three-dimensional laser scanning equipment. Here, we used this approach combined with research on geostress, joint information, and mechanical properties of rock to reveal the preliminary large deformation mechanism of deep fractured roadways. Based on a cracking-restraint method for engineering design, a control technique is proposed to prevent and control large deformations. The depth and degree of cracking are considered to design parameters and determine the appropriate installation time of the support system. To test this approach, the proposed control technique was applied to a roadway project more than 700 meters deep. The monitoring results demonstrated that this control strategy effectively restrained the cracking of surrounding rocks, improved the quality index of the rock mass, and reduced surface displacement. In addition, due to the improved deformation capacity of the bolt structure, an anti-deformation and energy-absorbing bolt can bear large deformations, preventing premature bolt failures in mining environments.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 51621006) and National Key Research and Development Program of China (no. 2016YFC0600707). For their help, we also thank Professor Cheng-Xiang Yang, Associate Professor Shuai Xu, Mr. Zhi-Bin Yao, Dr. Xiao-Jun Yu, Dr. Feng Lin, and Ms. Xin-Yue Wang from the Northeastern University, Dr. Lei-bo Song and Dr. Jie Liu from the Shaoxing University, and Dr. Guo-Qiang Zhu and Mr. Shan Zhong from the Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Thanks to Xiao-ying Du for her help in language editing. Finally, we are grateful to the editors and reviewers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Yue-Mao Zhao, Xia-Ting Feng, Yong Han & Yang-Yi Zhou

  2. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China

    Quan Jiang & Ying-En Shi

  3. Jinchuan Group Co., Ltd., Jinchang, 737100, China

    Hui-Gao Guo & Yong-Yuan Kou

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  1. Yue-Mao Zhao
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  2. Xia-Ting Feng
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  3. Quan Jiang
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  4. Yong Han
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  5. Yang-Yi Zhou
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  6. Hui-Gao Guo
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  7. Yong-Yuan Kou
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  8. Ying-En Shi
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Correspondence to Xia-Ting Feng.

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Zhao, YM., Feng, XT., Jiang, Q. et al. Large Deformation Control of Deep Roadways in Fractured Hard Rock Based on Cracking-Restraint Method. Rock Mech Rock Eng 54, 2559–2580 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02384-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02384-4

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