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Preparation of nano-zirconium phosphate by freeze-drying method and its tribological properties

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Abstract

In order to explore the influence of freeze-drying process parameters on the size of zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) nanoparticles during freeze-drying, different process parameters were selected and orthogonal experiments were designed to prepare nano α-ZrP with different particle sizes. The structures of nano α-ZrP are characterized by the field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the tribological properties of nano α-ZrP are studied on a tribometer. The orthogonal experimental results indicated that the order of process parameters affecting the size of nano α-ZrP is freezing method > material tray area > reaction temperature. The freezing method has the greatest influence on the size of nano α-ZrP. The particle size is around 20 nm under vacuum freezing, 40 nm under liquid nitrogen freezing, and 60 nm under refrigerator freezing. The reaction temperature of 98 °C, the material disk area of 80 mm2, and vacuum freezing were found to be the optimal process parameters for the preparation of small size nano α-ZrP by freeze-drying. Different amounts of granular nano α-ZrP were added to the base oil; when the addition amount was 2%, the friction coefficient was the smallest, which could be reduced by 34.6%. Friction experiments were conducted on three distinct morphologies of nano α-ZrP (granular, lamellar, and rod); the results show that the friction performance of nano α-ZrP with granular morphology is better than that of the other two crystal morphologies.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (52175113) and Shaanxi Province science and technology planning project (2022GY-214).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an, 710021, Shanxi, China

    Peng Runling, Liu Jinyue, Yang Zhuoyu, Wang Wei, Zhai Haonan, Guo Junde & Cao Wei

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  1. Peng Runling
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Contributions

RP: writing—review and editing, writing—original draft. JL: writing—original draft. ZY: software. WW: software. HZ: validation. JG: methodology. WC: writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Peng Runling.

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Highlights

1. Freeze-drying method can make smaller and more uniform nano α-ZrP particles.

2. Process parameters of the freeze drying affect the size of nano α-ZrP particles.

3. The friction coefficient of globular nano α-ZrP oil sample can be reduced to 0.085.

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Runling, P., Jinyue, L., Zhuoyu, Y. et al. Preparation of nano-zirconium phosphate by freeze-drying method and its tribological properties. J Nanopart Res 26, 9 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-023-05915-y

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