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Effect for hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorous, and argon ions irradiation on ZnO NWs

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Abstract

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) are exposed to energetic proton (H+), nitrogen (N+), phosphorus (P+), and argon (Ar+) ions to understand the radiation hardness and structural changes induced by these irradiations. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy is utilized to see the irradiation effects in NWs. Multiple doses and energies of radiation at different temperatures are used for different set of samples. The study reveals that wurtzite (crystalline)-structured ZnO NWs experience amorphization, degradation, and morphological changes after the irradiation. At room temperature, deterioration of the crystalline structure is observed under high fluence of H+, N+, and P+ ions. While for ZnO NWs, bombarded by Ar+ and P+ ions, nano-holes are produced. The ZnO NWs surfaces also show corrugated morphology full of nano-humps when irradiated by Ar+ ions at 400 °C. The corrugated surface could serve as tight-holding interface when interconnecting it with other NWs/nanotubes. These nano-humps may have the function of increasing the surface for surface-oriented sensing applications in the future.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB832903).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Experimental Physics Labs, National Centre for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    A. Ishaq, M. Usman & A. A. Khurram

  2. Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

    A. Nadeem & S. Naseem

  3. Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia

    C. F. Dee & B. Y. Majlis

  4. Department of Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

    H. M. Rafique

  5. Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, People’s Republic of China

    L. Yan & X. T. Zhou

Authors
  1. A. Ishaq
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  2. M. Usman
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  3. C. F. Dee
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  4. A. A. Khurram
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  5. L. Yan
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  6. X. T. Zhou
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  7. A. Nadeem
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  8. S. Naseem
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  9. H. M. Rafique
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  10. B. Y. Majlis
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. Yan.

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Ishaq, A., Usman, M., Dee, C.F. et al. Effect for hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorous, and argon ions irradiation on ZnO NWs. J Nanopart Res 15, 1467 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-013-1467-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-013-1467-y

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