Abstract
In the present study, titania-doped (Ti-doped) W18O49 nanorods have been prepared using a modified plasma arc gas condensation technique. Characterizations by field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that the as-prepared nanorods with a single-crystalline monoclinic W18O49 phase are of 20–100 nm in diameter and several micrometers in length. The Raman peaks of the Ti-doped W18O49 nanorods show a red-shift Raman peaks, and an additional green-emission peak at 497 nm is observed in the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum compared to pure W18O49 nanorods. Field-emission (FE) measurements reveal that the turn-on (E to) and threshold (E thr) voltages of the Ti-doped W18O49 nanorods are 2.2 and 3.4 V/μm, respectively. A vapor–solid process that does not involve the use of catalyst is proposed for the nanorod growth mechanism. Experimental results show that the additional defects resulting from titania doping are responsible for the enhancement of the optical and FE properties of the pure W18O49 nanorods.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for the financial support of this work by the National Science Council of Taiwan, Republic of China under grant number NSC98-2221-E-027-035-MY3 and thank Ms. Liang-Chu Wang for her technical assistance on transmission electron microscope. XRD technique support from the College of Engineering at National Taipei University of Technology is also acknowledged.
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Lin, HC., Su, CY., Yu, YH. et al. Non-catalytic and substrate-free method to titania-doped W18O49 nanorods: growth, characterizations, and electro-optical properties. J Nanopart Res 14, 665 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0665-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0665-8