Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce anti-fullerene C60 antibodies for the development of detection systems for fullerene C60 derivatives. To produce anti-fullerene C60 antibodies, conjugates of the fullerene C60 carboxylic derivative with thyroglobulin, soybean trypsin inhibitor, and bovine serum albumin were synthesized by carbodiimide activation and characterized. Immunization of rabbits by the conjugates led to the production of polyclonal anti-fullerene antibodies. The specificity of the immune response to fullerene was investigated. Indirect competitive immunoenzyme assay was developed for the determination of conjugated fullerene with detection limits of 0.04 ng/mL (calculated for coupled C60) and 0.4 ng/mL (accordingly to total fullerene–protein concentration).
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- BSA:
-
Bovine serum albumin
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- ELISA:
-
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- PBS:
-
Phosphate buffered saline (50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, with 0.1 M NaCl)
- STI:
-
Soybean trypsin inhibitor
- PTG:
-
Porcine thyroglobulin
References
Andreev SM, Babakhin AA, Petrukhina AO, Romanova VS, Parnes ZN, Petrov RV (2000) Immunogenic and allergenic properties of fulleren conjugates with aminoacids and proteins. Dokl Biochem 370(1–6):261–264
Benyamini H, Shulman-Peleg A, Wolfson HJ, Belgorodsky B, Fadeev L, Gozin M (2006) Interaction of C60-fullerene and carboxyfullerene with proteins: docking and binding site alignment. Bioconjug Chem 17(2):378–386
Bouchard D, Ma X (2008) Extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of C60, C70, and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester in synthetic and natural waters. J Chromatogr A 1203(2):153–159
Braden BC, Goldbaum FA, Chen B-X, Kirschner AN, Wilson SR, Erlanger BF (2000) X-ray crystal structure of an anti-buckminsterfullerene antibody Fab fragment: biomolecular recognition of C60. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97(22):12193–12197
Chen B-X, Wilson SR, Das M, Coughlin DJ, Erlanger BF (1998) Antigenicity of fullerenes: antibodies specific for fullerenes and their characteristics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95(18):10809–10813
Deguchi S, Yamazaki T, Mukai SA, Usami R, Horikoshi K (2007) Stabilization of C60 nanoparticles by protein adsorption and its implications for toxicity studies. Chem Res Toxicol 20(6):854–858
Deye JR, Shiveley AN, Oehrle SA, Walters KA (2008) Separation of substituted fullerenes using non-aqueous reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1181(1–2):159–161
Dzantiev BB, Zherdev AV, Romanenko OG, Sapegova LA (1996) Development and comparative study of different immunoenzyme techniques for pesticide detection. Int J Environ Anal Chem 65(1–4):95–111
Erlanger BF, Chen B-X, Zhu M, Brus L (2001) Binding of an anti-fullerene IgG monoclonal antibody to single wall carbon nanotubes. Nano Lett 1(9):465–467
Habeeb AF (1966) Determination of free amino groups in proteins by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Anal Biochem 14(3):328–336
Hendrickson OD, Pen’kova (Fedyunina) NS, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB (2009) The production of antibodies specific for fullerenes C60. In: Abstracts of the 2nd international forum on nanotechnologies, Moscow, Russia, 6–8 Oct, p 227
Hermanson GT (2008) Bioconjugate techniques. Elsevier, Academic Press, Amsterdam, London
Isaacson CW, Kleber M, Field JA (2009) Quantitative analysis of fullerene nanomaterials in environmental systems: a critical review. Environ Sci Technol 43(17):6463–6474
Kahru A, Dubourguier HC (2010) From ecotoxicology to nanoecotoxicology. Toxicology 269:105–119
Kotelnikova RA, Bogdanov GN, Frog EC, Kotelnikov AI, Shtolko VN, Romanova VS, Andreev SM, Kushch AA, Fedorova NE, Medzhidova AA, Miller GG (2003) Nanobionics of pharmacologically active derivatives of fullerene C60. J Nanopart Res 5(5–6):561–566
Moussa F, Pressac M, Genin E, Roux S, Trivin F, Rassat A, Céolin R, Szwarc H (1997) Quantitative analysis of C60 fullerene in blood and tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array and mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr B 696(1):153–159
Partha R, Conyers JL (2009) Biomedical applications of functionalized fullerene-based nanomaterials. Int J Nanomed 4:261–275
Ruoff RS, Tse DS, Malhorta R, Lorents DC (1993) Solubility of C60 in a variety of solvents. J Phys Chem 97(13):3379–3383
Sittampalam GS, Smith WC, Miyakawa TW, Smith DR, McMorris C (1996) Application of experimental design techniques to optimize a competitive ELISA. J Immunol Methods 190(2):151–161
Tiede K, Hassellöv M, Breitbarth E, Chaudhry Q, Boxall AB (2009) Considerations for environmental fate and ecotoxicity testing to support environmental risk assessments for engineered nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 1216(3):503–509
Xia XR, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Riviere JE (2006) Trace analysis of fullerenes in biological samples by simplified liquid–liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1129(2):216–222
Acknowledgments
This study was financially supported by the Federal Target Program “Development of Nanoindustry Infrastructure in the Russian Federation for 2008–2011.”
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hendrickson, O.D., Fedyunina, N.S., Martianov, A.A. et al. Production of anti-fullerene C60 polyclonal antibodies and study of their interaction with a conjugated form of fullerene. J Nanopart Res 13, 3713–3719 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0292-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0292-4