Abstract
Much current work assumes that “little v” (henceforth v) is a universal functional category directly involved in the building of predicates. As a functional category, one would expect v to be the locus of parametric variation, as predicted by Hagit Borer’s (1984) original hypothesis. Some analyses have shown that v is involved in parametric variation concerning Case (Legate 2008) and probably Object Shift (Chomsky 2001). In this article, we argue that v is also involved in other forms of cross-linguistic variation, thus extending parameter theory in some unexpected directions. In particular, we argue that v is involved in three different features of cross-linguistic variation: the order of verb and complements, their prosodic structure and the expression of focus/background articulation.
Our data come from a code-switching variety called Esplugish, part and parcel of the I-language of a community of German/Spanish bilinguals. In Esplugish, as in other code-switching varieties, it is possible to switch between v (L1) and its complement VP/RootP (L2). Surprisingly, we find that the grammatical properties of the VP/RootP are those of L1 and not those of L2, a fact that we account for by arguing that the source of those properties is the v.
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This research project has been carried out under auspices of the UIC Bilingualism Research Laboratory and we would like to thank the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at UIC for the financial support that made it possible. We would also like to thank Karlos Arregi, Jeff MacSwan, Marcel Den Dikken, and two anonymous reviewers for feedback on previous versions or this article and the audiences that heard various incarnations of this project: Deutsche Romanistentag (Vienna, October 2007), Linguistic Symposium of Romance Languages (Urbana, April 2008), University of Chicago (May 2008), International Symposium on Bilingualism (Utrecht, July 2009), Purdue University (April 2010). Special thanks go to the fellow members of the BRL for their feedback and support. Our gratitude goes as well to our language consultants and to Susanne Müller for providing us with valuable code-switching data. All errors are ours.
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González-Vilbazo, K., López, L. Little v and parametric variation. Nat Lang Linguist Theory 30, 33–77 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-011-9141-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-011-9141-5