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Study of Candidemia and its Antifungal Susceptibility Profile at the University Hospital of Montevideo, Uruguay

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Abstract

Systemic candidiasis are high mortality infections caused by yeasts of the genus Candida, affecting patients with numerous risk factors. Nowadays, candidemia produced by “non-albicans” species has increased considerably. Timely diagnosis and subsequent treatment substantially improve patients' survival. Our objectives are to study the frequency, distribution, and antifungal susceptibility profiles of candidemia isolates in our hospital. We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Positive blood cultures were recorded from January 2018 to December 2021. Positive Candida genus blood cultures were selected, classified, and analyzed on their susceptibility profile for amphotericin B, fluconazole and caspofungin using AST-YS08® card for VITEK 2 Compact® to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and CLSI M60 2020 2nd Edition to determine breakpoints. 3862 positive blood cultures were obtained, 113 (2.93%) presented growth of Candida spp., corresponding to 58 patients. 55.2% came from the Hospitalization Ward and Emergency Services and 44.8% from the Intensive Care Unit. The species were distributed as follows: Nakaseomyces glabratus (Candida glabrata) (32.74%), Candida albicans (27.43%), Candida parapsilosis (23.01%), Candida tropicalis (7.08%) and others (9.73%). Most species were found to be susceptible to most antifungals, except for C. parapsilosis, presenting 4 isolates with resistance to fluconazole and N. glabratus (C. glabrata), whose clinical susceptibility data remains insufficient to provide accurate breakpoints. The percentage of recorded positive blood cultures of Candida spp. was 2.93%, these results were consistent with those reported at a regional level. A predominance of "non-albicans" species was observed. It is essential to know the prevalence, epidemiology, and susceptibility profiles of candidemia in our country, as well as being updated on its subsequent changes, maintaining epidemiological surveillance. This allows professionals to map out early and effective therapeutic strategies, staying alert of possible multi-resistant strains.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital de Clínicas “Dr. Manuel Quintela”, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Mauricio Carbia, Vania Medina, Camila Bustillo, Cecilia Martínez, Maria Pía González & Raquel Ballesté

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  1. Mauricio Carbia
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Contributions

All authors contribute to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by VM, CB, CM, MPG and MC. The first draft of the manuscript was written by VM, CB and MC and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Overall supervision RB. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mauricio Carbia.

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Carbia, M., Medina, V., Bustillo, C. et al. Study of Candidemia and its Antifungal Susceptibility Profile at the University Hospital of Montevideo, Uruguay. Mycopathologia 188, 919–928 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-023-00744-y

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