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A new data hiding model based on adaptive keyed Huffman multi-layer midpoint folding and optimized deep wavelet histogram modification strategy

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Abstract

With recent advanced science and technology, it is much easier to transmit, search and find information on the Internet platform. However, sharing secret data on the Internet is challenging because of the increased number of unauthorized users. Thus, the proposed work introduces a new data-hiding model to enhance the payload capacity with higher security. Initially, the secret image is transformed into binary form, and then four consecutive binary bits are considered to obtain a sequence of decimal values. This work proposes a new adaptive keyed Huffman multi-layer midpoint folding strategy (aKH-MMF) method to minimize the embedded data size. This method uses the Huffman encoding scheme to encode the secret data with a secret key. Additionally, a multi-layer midpoint folding approach is introduced to minimize distortion during the embedding process. The proposed aKH-MMF method finds out an index for each encoded bit. These encoded bits are embedded in the cover image using an Equilibrium-optimized 2D mapping scheme. This scheme utilizes a DeepWave-Hist model (deep wavelet neural network) to generate multiple histograms for the cover images. After the generation of histograms, an optimal mapping scheme is selected for all histograms using the Equilibrium optimization (EO) approach. Finally, the encoded index is embedded into the cover image with the help of a Least Significant Method (LSB). The experimental setup is done using MATLAB software, and the proposed data-hiding model is processed through the MISC dataset. The simulation results show that the proposed model obtains better results in improved payload capacity as 2262.1155 bpp for the images like Lena, Tiffany and Airplane. Also, the attained PSNR of Lena is 57.27 dB, Tiffany is 58 dB, and Airplane is 56.48 dB. Compared with other existing data-hiding models, the results achieved for the proposed study are highly superior.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India

    Sachin Allwadhi, Kamaldeep Joshi & Rainu Nandal

  2. Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India

    Ashok Kumar Yadav

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  1. Sachin Allwadhi
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  2. Kamaldeep Joshi
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  3. Ashok Kumar Yadav
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  4. Rainu Nandal
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Correspondence to Kamaldeep Joshi.

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Allwadhi, S., Joshi, K., Yadav, A.K. et al. A new data hiding model based on adaptive keyed Huffman multi-layer midpoint folding and optimized deep wavelet histogram modification strategy. Multimed Tools Appl 82, 47189–47214 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15390-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-15390-1

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