Abstract
This paper presents a scalable delivery solution for commercial near on-demand video streaming systems with an associated pricing model. The proposed delivery solution combines the benefits of periodic broadcasting and stream merging, thereby enabling scalable video delivery. Video advertisements are delivered to the clients prior to viewing the requested videos. The revenues generated from the ads are used to subsidize the price of the requested videos. The pricing is determined based on the total ad viewing time. The proposed solution includes an efficient ad allocation scheme and a new constraint-based scheduling approach. In addition, the paper investigates how targeted advertisements can be efficiently supported. Furthermore, we investigate the effectiveness of the overall solutions and analyze and compare the effectiveness of various scheduling policies and ad allocation alternatives in terms of several metrics, including client defection probability, average number of viewed ads per client, price, channel utilization, revenue, and profit.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aggarwal V, Caldebank R, Gopalakrishnan V, Jana R, Ramakrishnan K, Yu F (2009) The effectiveness of intelligent scheduling for multicast video-on-demand. In: Proc. of ACM multimedia, pp 421–430
Al-Hadrusi M, Sarhan NJ (2008) A scalable delivery framework and a pricing model for streaming media with advertisements. In: Proc. of SPIE/ACM multimedia computing and networking conference (MMCN), pp 68,180G–68,180G
Al-Hadrusi MS, Sarhan NJ (2012) Client-driven price selection for scalable video streaming with advertisements. In: Proc. of IEEE the international multimedia modeling conference (MMM)
Basu P, Little TDC (2000) Pricing considerations in video-ondemand systems. In: Proc. of ACM multimedia, pp 359–361
Basu P, Narayanan A, Ke W, Little TDC, Bestavros A (1999) Optimal scheduling of secondary content for aggregation in video-ondemand systems. In: Proc. of international conference on computer communications and networks, pp 104–109
Bruner RE, Singh J (2007) Video ad benchmarks: average campaign performance metrics. A double click rich media and video report. Available from: http://static.googleusercontent.com/external_content/untrusted_dlcp/www.google.com/lt//doubleclick/pdfs/DoubleClick-02-2007-Video-Ad-Benchmarks.pdf
Cai Y, Hua KA (1999) An efficient bandwidth-sharing technique for true video on demand systems. In: Proc. of ACM multimedia, pp 211–214
Carlsson N, Eager DL, Vernon MK (2006) Multicast protocols for scalable on-demand download. Perform Eval 63(9–10):864–891
Cheng X, Dale C, Liu J (2008) Statistics and social network of YouTube videos. In: Proc. of IEEE 16th international workshop on quality of service (IWQoS)
Chien WD, Yeh YS, Wang JS, Wang JS (2004) Practical channel transition for near-VOD services. In: IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo (ICME), pp 1843–1846
Dan A, Sitaram D, Shahabuddin P (1994) Scheduling policies for an on-demand video server with batching. In: Proc. of ACM multimedia, pp 391–398
Deering S, Fenner W, Haberman B, Haberman B (1999) Multicast listener discovery (MLD) for IPv6. In: Internet engineering task force (IETF), RFC2710
Eager DL, Vernon MK, Zahorjan J (1999) Optimal and efficient merging schedules for Video-on-Demand servers. In: Proc. of ACM multimedia, pp 199–202
Eager DL, Vernon MK, Zahorjan J (2001) Minimizing bandwidth requirements for on-demand data delivery. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 13(5):742–757
Gao L, Kurose J, Towsley D (1998) Efficient schemes for broadcasting popular videos. In: Proc. of the int’l workshop on network and operating systems support for digital audio and video (NOSSDAV)
Ge Z, Ji P, Shenoy P (2007) Design and analysis of a demand adaptive and locality aware streaming media server cluster. Multimedia Systems 13:235–249
Gill P, Shi L, Mahanti A, Li Z, Eager D (2008) Scalable on-demand media streaming for heterogeneous clients. ACM Trans Multimed Comput Commun Appl (ACM TOMCCAP) 5(1):1–24
Hua KA, Cai Y, Sheu S (1998) Patching: a multicast technique for true Video-on-Demand services. In: Proc. of ACM multimedia, pp 191–200
Hua KA, Sheu S (1997) Skyscraper broadcasting: a new broadcasting scheme for metropolitan Video-on-Demand system. In: Proc. of ACM special interest group on data communication (SIGCOMM), pp 89–100
Huang C, Janakiraman R, Xu L (2004) Loss-resilient on-demand media streaming using priority encoding. In: Proc. of ACM multimedia, pp 152–159
Jagannathan S, Almeroth KC (2001) The dynamics of price, revenue, and system utilization. In: Proc. of the IFIP/IEEE international conference on management of multimedia networks and services, pp 329–344
Juhn L, Tseng L (1997) Harmonic broadcasting for Video-on-Demand service. IEEE Trans Broadcast 43(3):268–271
Ma H, Shin GK, Wu W (2005) Best-effort patching for multicast trueVoD service. Multimed Tools Appl 26(1):101–122
Ma H, Shin KG (2002) Multicast video-on-demand services. ACM SIGCOMM Comput Commun Rev 32(1):31–43
Mei T, Hua X-S, Li S (2009) VideoSense: a contextual in-video advertising system. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 19(12):1866–1879
O’Neill JP, Dukes J, Dukes J (2009) Re-evaluating multicast streaming using large-scale network simulation. In: Intensive, pp 39–46
Ostrowski JR, Sarhan NJ (2009) Characterization of social video. In: Proc. of SPIE/ACM multimedia computing and networking conference (MMCN)
Pallis G, Vakali A (2006) Insight and perspectives for content delivery networks. Commun ACM 49:101–106
Pâris JF, Carter SW, Long DDE (1998) Efficient broadcasting protocols for video on demand. In: Proc. of the int’l symp. on modeling, analysis and simulation of computer and telecommunication systems (MASCOTS), pp 127–132
Rayburn D (2007) CDN pricing data: what the CDNs are actually charging for delivery. Online Article. http://blog.streamingmedia.com/the_business_of_online_vi/2007/08/cdn-pricing-dat-2.html. Accessed 16 July 2013
Rayburn D (2007) Streaming and digital media: understanding the business and technology. Taylor & Francis US
Rocha M, Maia M, Cunha I, Almeida J, Campos S (2005) Scalable media streaming to interactive users. In: Proc. of ACM multimedia, pp 966–975
Rodrigues CKdS, Leão RMM (2007) Bandwidth usage distribution of multimedia servers using patching. Comput Netw 51(3):569–587
Sarhan NJ, Al-Hadrusi MS (2010) Waiting-time prediction and QoSbased pricing for video streaming with advertisements. In: Proc. of IEEE international symposium on multimedia (ISM)
Sarhan NJ, Alsmirat MA, Al-Hadrusi M (2010) Waiting-time prediction in scalable on-demand video streaming. ACM Trans Multimed Comput Commun Appl (ACM TOMCCAP) 6(2):1–24
Sarhan NJ, Das CR (2004) A new class of scheduling policies for providing time of service guarantees in Video-On-Demand servers. In: Proc. of the 7th IFIP/IEEE int’l conf. on management of multimedia networks and services, pp 127–139
Sarhan NJ, Qudah B (2007) Efficient cost-based scheduling for scalable media streaming. In: Proc. of multimedia computing and networking conf. (MMCN), pp 327–334
Schulzrinne H, Rao A, Lanphier R, Lanphier R (1998) Real time streaming protocol (rtsp). In: Internet engineering task force (IETF), RFC2326
Thouin F, Coates M (2007) Video-on-demand networks: design approaches and future challenges. IEEE Network 21(2):42–48
Tsiolis AK, Vernon MK (1997) Group-guaranteed channel capacity in multimedia storage servers. In: Proc. of ACM special interest group for the computer systems performance evaluation community (SIGMETRICS), pp 285–297
Wu C, Li B, Zhao S, Zhao S (2009) Diagnosing network-wide p2p live streaming inefficiencies. In: INFOCOM, pp 2731–2735
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
A preliminary version of this paper was presented at MMCN 2008 conference [2].
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Al-Hadrusi, M.S., Sarhan, N.J. A scalable delivery solution and a pricing model for commercial video-on-demand systems with video advertisements. Multimed Tools Appl 73, 1417–1443 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1597-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1597-3