The effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties and microstructure of refractory nickel alloy GH3536 obtained by selective laser melting is determined. Growth in the quenching temperature is accompanied by lowering of the ultimate strength and of the yield limit under static tension, while the elongation increases. After 1-h quenching from 1100°C and 10-h aging at 700°C the fracture behavior of the alloy changes from brittle one to ductile one, the strength and the hardness decrease, and the ductility grows by about a factor of 3.5 as compared to the initial condition.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
B. Bhushan and M. Caspers, “An overview of additive manufacturing (3D printing) for microfabrication,” Microsyst. Technol., 23, 1117 – 1124 (2017).
L. Li, “China’s manufacturing locus in 2025” with a comparison of “Made-in-China 2025” and “Industry 4.0,” Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 135, 66 – 74 (2018).
I. Yadroitsev, P. Bertrand, and I. Smurov, “Parametric analysis of the selective laser melting process,” Appl. Surf. Sci., 253, 8064 – 8069 (2007).
J. P. Kruth, L. Froyen, and J. Van Varenbergh, “Selective laser melting of iron-based powder,” J. Mater. Proc. Technol., 149, 616 – 622 (2004).
Q. B. Jia and D. D. Gu, “Selective laser melting additive manufacturing of Inconel 718 superalloy parts: Densification, microstructure and properties,” J. Alloys Compd., 585, 713 – 721 (2014).
Z. G. Zhao, L. Bo, L. Li, and J. Y. Huang, “Status and progress of selective laser melting forming technology,” Aeronaut. Manuf. Technol., 463, 4 – 49 (2014).
E. N. Kablov, A. G. Evgenov, I. S. Mazalov, et al., “Evolution of the structure and properties of high-chromium heat-resistant VZh159 alloy prepared by selective laser melting: part I,” Inorg. Mater. Appl. Res., 11(1), 7 – 16 (2020).
N. V. Dynin, V. V. Antipov, D. V. Khasikov, et al., “Structure and mechanical properties of an advanced aluminum alloy AlSi10MgCu(Ce, Zr) produced by selective laser melting,” Mater. Lett., 284, 128898 (2021).
A. Y. Nalivaiko, D. Y. Ozherelkov, A. N. Arnautov, et al., “Selective laser melting of aluminum-alumina powder composites obtained by hydrothermal oxidation method,” Appl. Phys. A, 126, 1 – 6 (2020).
R. Margan, C. J. Sutliffe, and W. O’Neill, “Density analysis of direct metal laser re-melted 316L stainless steel cubic primitives,” J. Mater. Sci., 39, 1195 – 1205 (2004).
R. D. Li, J. H. Liu, Y. S. Shi, et al., “Balling behavior of stainless steel and nickel powder during selective laser melting process,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 59, 1025 – 1035 (2012).
R. D. Li, J. H. Liu, Y. S. Shi, et al., “316L stainless steel with gradient porosity fabricated by selective laser melting,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 19, 666 – 671 (2010).
D. D. Gu and Y. F. Shen, “Balling phenomena in direct laser sintering of stainless steel powder: Metallurgical mechanisms and control methods,” Mater. Design, 30, 2903 – 2910 (2009).
Q. B. Jia and D. D. Gu, “Selective laser melting additive manufacturing of TiC/Inconel 718 bulk-form nanocomposites: Densification, microstructure, and performance,” J. Mater. Res., 29, 1960 – 1969 (2014).
Y. L. Li and D. D. Gu, “Parametric analysis of thermal behavior during selective laser melting additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy powder,” Mater. Design, 63, 856 – 867 (2014).
X. D. Shao, Y. Q. Liu, and Y. Li, “Research progress of elemental analysis in nickel-based alloys,” Metall. Anal., 30, 38 – 48 (2010).
M. Yan, B. Liu, and J. Li, “China aeronautical materials handbook, Powder metallurgy superalloy,” Precision Alloy Func. Mater., 5, 5 – 11 (2001).
Z. H. Jiao, L. M. Lei, H. C. Yu, et al., “Experimental evaluation of elevated temperatures fatigue and tensile properties of one selective laser melted nickel based superalloy,” Int. J. Fatigue, 212, 172 – 180 (2019).
B. Kong, T. Li, and Q. T. Eri, “Normal spectral emissivity of GH3536 (Hastelloy X) in three surface conditions,” Appl. Therm. Eng., 113, 20 – 26 (2017).
K. Tuchida, K. Wathanyu, and S. Surinphong, “High temperature tribological characterization of Ti-based coatings on Hastelloy X,” Adv. Sci. Lett., 19, 913 – 917 (2013).
T. Dacian, T. Yang, and P. A. Rometschet al., “Influence of past heat treatments on anisotropy of mechanical behavior and microstructure of Hastelloy-X parts produced by selective laser melting,” Mater. Sci. Eng., 667, 42 – 53 (2016).
J. C. Zhao, M. Larsen, and V. Ravikumar, “Phase precipitation and time-temperature-transformation diagram of Hastelloy X,” Mater. Sci. Eng., 293, 112 – 119 (2000).
X. Z. Qin, J. T. Guo, C. Yuan, et al., “Precipitation and thermal instability of M23C6 carbide in cast Ni-base superalloy K452,” Mater. Lett., 62, 258 – 261 (2008).
T. A. Ramanarayanan, C. M. Chun, and G. Bhargava, “Metal dusting corrosion of nickel-based alloys,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 154, C231 – C240 (2007).
H. Li, Study on Grain Boundary Segregation and Grain Boundary Precipitation in Ni – Cr – Fe Alloy, Shanghai University, Shanghai (2011), 239 p.
D. L. Li, X. Y. Qiao, and Q. B. Liu, “Precipitation phase analysis of GH4199 nickel-based superalloy,” Metall. Anal., 25, 1 – 6 (2006).
Y. S. Song,W. F. Gao, C.Wang, et al., “Effects of heat treatment process on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Inconel 718 alloy,” Mater. Eng., 6, 37 – 42 (2012).
A. Suzuki and T. M. Pollock, “High-temperature and deformation of γ′/γ′ two-phase Co – Al – W-base alloys,” Acta Mater., 56, 1288 – 1297 (2008).
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Key R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFB1102602), of the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11504144), of the Talent Starting Foundation of the Jiangsu University (Grant No. 15JDG133), and of the Young Leading Teachers Project of the Jiangsu University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 25 – 31, July, 2021.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ren, Y., Li, Z., Chen, Y. et al. Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nickel Superalloy GH3536 Obtained by Selective Laser Melting. Met Sci Heat Treat 63, 369–374 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-021-00697-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-021-00697-3