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Exploring redox imbalance and inflammation for asthma therapy

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Abstract

Background:Asthma is a prolonged inflammatory disorder of the airways, that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide. Asthma is triggered by numerous endogenous and exogenous stimuli with symptoms like wheezing, cough, short of breath, chest tightening, airway obstruction, and hyperreactivity observed in patients. Objective: The review seeks to identify targets of redox imbalance and inflammation that could be explored to create effective treatments for asthma. Methods: The methodology involved a search and review of literature relating to asthma pathogenesis, redox homeostasis, and inflammation. Results: Eosinophils and neutrophils are involved in asthma pathogenesis. These inflammatory cells generate high levels of endogenous oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, which could result in redox imbalance in the airways of asthmatics. Redox imbalance occurs when the antioxidant systems becomes overwhelmed resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been linked with asthma inflammation and severity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) cause lung inflammation by activating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), activator protein-1, as well as additional transcription factors. These factors stimulate cytokine production which ultimately activates inflammatory cells in the bronchi, causing lung cellular injury and destruction. ROS/RNS is also produced by these inflammatory cells to eradicate invading bacteria. Antioxidant treatments for asthma have not yet been fully explored. Conclusion: Redox and inflammatory processes are viable targets that could be explored to create better therapy for asthma.

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  1. SDG 03 Group – Good Health & Well-being, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria

    Morayo Barnabas, Oluwakemi J. Awakan, Damilare Emmanuel Rotimi & Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine & Toxicology Laboratory, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria

    Morayo Barnabas, Oluwakemi J. Awakan, Damilare Emmanuel Rotimi & Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

    Musbau A. Akanji

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by MB. The draft was critically revised by OJA, DER and OSA and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Barnabas, M., Awakan, O.J., Rotimi, D.E. et al. Exploring redox imbalance and inflammation for asthma therapy. Mol Biol Rep 50, 7851–7865 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-023-08688-8

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